Number 1. (in 1 part) December 27, 2014
Relevant Topic
1. Valery Kalinichenko
Biogeosystem Technique as a Base of the New World Water Strategy
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 100-124.
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Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 100-124.
Abstract:
The Earth now is in a state of human-induced uncertainty of geospheres, biosphere, climate change, degradation of water systems. Water has become a global deficit, is required a review of the world water policy. Irrigation consumes 95% of fresh water. Irrigation for thousands years is imitated the natural hydrological regime, although the natural hydrological regime is oriented on biological diversity of the biosphere, not to obtain the desired maximum output at the lowest amount of water. This is a systemic defect of currently accepted worldwide as a standard the gravitational simulative frontal continuum-isotropic irrigation paradigm. Using this paradigm we do not solve the problem of transformation of concentrated water flow into the moisture continuum in the soil, dispersed in the soil continuum in the area of plant roots in an amount necessary for plant nutrition with high quality soil solution. Copying natural hydrological regime the obsolete irrigation technologies causes an uncontrollable mass-transfer in the soil continuum and vadose zone, violation of geochemical barriers, degradation of soil and landscape. The crisis is due to the inability to control irrigation biogeosystems. An old irrigation paradigm gives the long-term negative result. Due to systemic irrigation defects in the world ecological humanitarian disasters occur. Modernization of irrigation has been slow and is aimed at partial improvement technology within the old paradigm. Water consumption of standard irrigation is of 5-15 times more than empirically assessed need of plant, in its turn, this calculated water demand is overestimated for 2-3 times concerning the biologically based need of plants for water. Excess water consumption is dangerous because the standard methods of hydrological forecasting now reviewing a fall. The problem of hydrological regime of pedosphere managing as the main component of the Irrigation paradigm and Water Strategy of the world has not yet been solved. The synthesis requires of a new irrigation technology platform - delete the currently accepted range of iriigation thermodynamic potential of water from 0.0 to -0.03 MPa, providing a range of stomatal regulation of transpiration from -0.2 MPa to -0.5 MPa. For ecologically meaningful management of biosphere is proposed the biogeosystem technique. Within the framework of biogeosystem technique the new intra-soil pulse continuous-discrete irrigation paradigm is proposed, the configuration of artifacts for its implementation too. It provides a controlled dissipation of discrete water volumes inside the soil continuum. The new paradigm excludes irrigation mass-transfer, excessive soil moisture, evaporation, loss of water to the vadose zone, soil degradation, destruction of geochemical barriers. By providing the stomatal regulation of transpiration regime the demand for water for irrigation is less up to 10-30 times compared to standard irrigation. The new paradigm of irrigation can be implemented on the basis of robotic systems that will save resources and energy for irrigation for 20-30 times. New intra-soil pulse continuous-discrete irrigation paradigm is the basis of a new world water strategy.
The Earth now is in a state of human-induced uncertainty of geospheres, biosphere, climate change, degradation of water systems. Water has become a global deficit, is required a review of the world water policy. Irrigation consumes 95% of fresh water. Irrigation for thousands years is imitated the natural hydrological regime, although the natural hydrological regime is oriented on biological diversity of the biosphere, not to obtain the desired maximum output at the lowest amount of water. This is a systemic defect of currently accepted worldwide as a standard the gravitational simulative frontal continuum-isotropic irrigation paradigm. Using this paradigm we do not solve the problem of transformation of concentrated water flow into the moisture continuum in the soil, dispersed in the soil continuum in the area of plant roots in an amount necessary for plant nutrition with high quality soil solution. Copying natural hydrological regime the obsolete irrigation technologies causes an uncontrollable mass-transfer in the soil continuum and vadose zone, violation of geochemical barriers, degradation of soil and landscape. The crisis is due to the inability to control irrigation biogeosystems. An old irrigation paradigm gives the long-term negative result. Due to systemic irrigation defects in the world ecological humanitarian disasters occur. Modernization of irrigation has been slow and is aimed at partial improvement technology within the old paradigm. Water consumption of standard irrigation is of 5-15 times more than empirically assessed need of plant, in its turn, this calculated water demand is overestimated for 2-3 times concerning the biologically based need of plants for water. Excess water consumption is dangerous because the standard methods of hydrological forecasting now reviewing a fall. The problem of hydrological regime of pedosphere managing as the main component of the Irrigation paradigm and Water Strategy of the world has not yet been solved. The synthesis requires of a new irrigation technology platform - delete the currently accepted range of iriigation thermodynamic potential of water from 0.0 to -0.03 MPa, providing a range of stomatal regulation of transpiration from -0.2 MPa to -0.5 MPa. For ecologically meaningful management of biosphere is proposed the biogeosystem technique. Within the framework of biogeosystem technique the new intra-soil pulse continuous-discrete irrigation paradigm is proposed, the configuration of artifacts for its implementation too. It provides a controlled dissipation of discrete water volumes inside the soil continuum. The new paradigm excludes irrigation mass-transfer, excessive soil moisture, evaporation, loss of water to the vadose zone, soil degradation, destruction of geochemical barriers. By providing the stomatal regulation of transpiration regime the demand for water for irrigation is less up to 10-30 times compared to standard irrigation. The new paradigm of irrigation can be implemented on the basis of robotic systems that will save resources and energy for irrigation for 20-30 times. New intra-soil pulse continuous-discrete irrigation paradigm is the basis of a new world water strategy.
Number of views: 2476 Download in PDF
The Science and the Problems of Development
2. Valery I. Glazko
Genomics and Geobiosystems
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 125-132.
Number of views: 2430 Download in PDF
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 125-132.
Abstract:
Data of possibilities of modern population genomics in resolving of the problems for reconstruction of the ways of the agricultural animal species distribution, target genes to natural selection with the aim of the adaptive potential increase of agriecosystems were discussed.
Data of possibilities of modern population genomics in resolving of the problems for reconstruction of the ways of the agricultural animal species distribution, target genes to natural selection with the aim of the adaptive potential increase of agriecosystems were discussed.
Number of views: 2430 Download in PDF
Articles and Statements
3. Leonid V. Berezin
New Paradigm of Soil Treatment
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 133-149.
Number of views: 2212 Download in PDF
4. Mihail N. Dudin, Nikolaj V. Lyasnikov, Aleksandr S. Senin, Sergej N. KapustinBiogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 133-149.
Abstract:
Set out new principles for the implementation of the basic processing of complex arrays of soil with solonetz and other soils of low fertility. The possibility proposed of soil dispersed system and evolution controlling in terms of landscape-reclamation system of agriculture that provides long-term increase of soil biological productivity. Outlined the features and effectiveness of the new technology of reclamation soil treatment. Deep tillage is combined with introduction of organic substances into the subsurface layer of soil. Followed by a fine seedbed preparation for sowing. Is developed the basis for a new paradigm of tillage.
Set out new principles for the implementation of the basic processing of complex arrays of soil with solonetz and other soils of low fertility. The possibility proposed of soil dispersed system and evolution controlling in terms of landscape-reclamation system of agriculture that provides long-term increase of soil biological productivity. Outlined the features and effectiveness of the new technology of reclamation soil treatment. Deep tillage is combined with introduction of organic substances into the subsurface layer of soil. Followed by a fine seedbed preparation for sowing. Is developed the basis for a new paradigm of tillage.
Number of views: 2212 Download in PDF
Integration Processes in the Geo-economic Structure of the World Economy: Trends of Contemporary Development
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 150-162.
Number of views: 2238 Download in PDF
5. Fedor N. Lisetskii, Jeanne A. Buryak, Alla V. Zemlyakova, Vitaly I. PichuraBiogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 150-162.
Abstract:
Relevance of the chosen topic due to the establishment of post-war world order, the so-called "bi-polar world." When there were two superpowers - the US and the USSR, about the same power in all types of weapons, as well as each of them in theory could multiply to destroy their stockpiles of nuclear weapons all life on Earth. These two main factors exclude the armed conflict between the two countries, because such a conflict could become not just another war, but already the last war of humanity. These two systems are embodied in the two superpowers, could provide an alternative to other countries of the world: for some it was inevitable - the countries of Eastern Europe, the countries of Western Europe; but for Africa, especially after the "Year of Africa" - in 1960, there is an alternative choice model of socio-economic development - capitalist or communist (socialist), and very often, as the former colonies of Western European countries, these countries chose the Soviet model of economic development and society, often taking into account local circumstances. At present, the world is objectively ceased to be a two-pole, and in the opinion of many experts the world is now a single-pole, and the main hegemony, primarily in the economic sphere is the United States, unfortunately, this country is not only the legislator of progress, but as we see impose their will throughout the world space, which adversely affects the entire Mir-system as well as its development.
Relevance of the chosen topic due to the establishment of post-war world order, the so-called "bi-polar world." When there were two superpowers - the US and the USSR, about the same power in all types of weapons, as well as each of them in theory could multiply to destroy their stockpiles of nuclear weapons all life on Earth. These two main factors exclude the armed conflict between the two countries, because such a conflict could become not just another war, but already the last war of humanity. These two systems are embodied in the two superpowers, could provide an alternative to other countries of the world: for some it was inevitable - the countries of Eastern Europe, the countries of Western Europe; but for Africa, especially after the "Year of Africa" - in 1960, there is an alternative choice model of socio-economic development - capitalist or communist (socialist), and very often, as the former colonies of Western European countries, these countries chose the Soviet model of economic development and society, often taking into account local circumstances. At present, the world is objectively ceased to be a two-pole, and in the opinion of many experts the world is now a single-pole, and the main hegemony, primarily in the economic sphere is the United States, unfortunately, this country is not only the legislator of progress, but as we see impose their will throughout the world space, which adversely affects the entire Mir-system as well as its development.
Number of views: 2238 Download in PDF
Basin Organizations of Nature Use, Belgorod region
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 163-173.
Number of views: 2179 Download in PDF
6. Vladimir G. Sister, Igor' S. Tartakovsky, Andrey N. Tsedilin, Nina V. VorobevaBiogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 163-173.
Abstract:
Experience in developing the concept of basin organization nature use, which is being implemented throughout the territory of one of the subjects of the Russian Federation (Belgorod region), was represented. On the basis of hydrological and geographical typing 65 river basins of the region determine the feasibility of mining the four basic models of basin organization nature use with varying efficiency unit of soil and water protection measures. As a result geoplanning of basin landscape structure reorganized the structure of agricultural land in relation to topography and soils (adaptive land management) and to enhance the efficiency of regional ecological framework in the agrolandscape, which resulted in a compromise between economic efficiency land use and environmental stability of the territory. Results geoplanning of rural territories to the basin principle show the fundamental possibility of overcoming the most critical imbalances in the current structure of the land fund.
Experience in developing the concept of basin organization nature use, which is being implemented throughout the territory of one of the subjects of the Russian Federation (Belgorod region), was represented. On the basis of hydrological and geographical typing 65 river basins of the region determine the feasibility of mining the four basic models of basin organization nature use with varying efficiency unit of soil and water protection measures. As a result geoplanning of basin landscape structure reorganized the structure of agricultural land in relation to topography and soils (adaptive land management) and to enhance the efficiency of regional ecological framework in the agrolandscape, which resulted in a compromise between economic efficiency land use and environmental stability of the territory. Results geoplanning of rural territories to the basin principle show the fundamental possibility of overcoming the most critical imbalances in the current structure of the land fund.
Number of views: 2179 Download in PDF
Transformation of Components of Human Environment Under Anthropogenic Impact
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 174-181.
Number of views: 2247 Download in PDF
7. Evgeny Shein, Evgeny MilanovskiyBiogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 174-181.
Abstract:
Are present the results of research of microbiological contamination of man-made water systems and chemical pollution of the surface air. It has been shown that high concentrations of Legionella in air conditioning systems and hot water, and ozone in the surface air are associated with the transformation of the components of the human environment under anthropogenic impact.
Are present the results of research of microbiological contamination of man-made water systems and chemical pollution of the surface air. It has been shown that high concentrations of Legionella in air conditioning systems and hot water, and ozone in the surface air are associated with the transformation of the components of the human environment under anthropogenic impact.
Number of views: 2247 Download in PDF
Soil Structure Formation: Role of the Soil Amphiphilic Organic Matter
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 182-190.
Number of views: 2500 Download in PDF
8. Nguyen Van Thinh, Alla A. OkolelovaBiogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 182-190.
Abstract:
Soil organic matter plays a leading role in the soil structure formation, especially in soil water stability soil properties. This is the most important property of soils on which depend the basic ecological functions of soil in the biosphere. However, so far unknown mechanism of formation of the soil structure, the soil water stability properties and value of soil organic matter in this processes. A physical reasonable hypothesis of formation water stable aggregate structure of chernozemic soils, based on the amphiphilic properties of soil organic matter, is proposed. Water stability of the aggregate structure is directly related to the surface properties of elementary soil particles (ESP) in the solid phase (SP) of the soil. In the case of elementary soil particles (ESP) hydrophilicity, water flows through the capillaries in the dry aggregate and leads to an increase of water pressure in the aggregate and its destruction. When ESP are hydrophobic, water and ions cannot get into the aggregate, and the "dead space" is created. Two forms of organic substances determine ESP architecture of soil aggregate and a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface properties of solid phase. Organic compounds adsorbed on the surface of mineral ESP provide film moisture migration, and hydrophobic organic ESP localized in the pore space of the aggregate provide the water repellent function and prevent the rapid migration of capillary moisture in the soil pore space.
Soil organic matter plays a leading role in the soil structure formation, especially in soil water stability soil properties. This is the most important property of soils on which depend the basic ecological functions of soil in the biosphere. However, so far unknown mechanism of formation of the soil structure, the soil water stability properties and value of soil organic matter in this processes. A physical reasonable hypothesis of formation water stable aggregate structure of chernozemic soils, based on the amphiphilic properties of soil organic matter, is proposed. Water stability of the aggregate structure is directly related to the surface properties of elementary soil particles (ESP) in the solid phase (SP) of the soil. In the case of elementary soil particles (ESP) hydrophilicity, water flows through the capillaries in the dry aggregate and leads to an increase of water pressure in the aggregate and its destruction. When ESP are hydrophobic, water and ions cannot get into the aggregate, and the "dead space" is created. Two forms of organic substances determine ESP architecture of soil aggregate and a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface properties of solid phase. Organic compounds adsorbed on the surface of mineral ESP provide film moisture migration, and hydrophobic organic ESP localized in the pore space of the aggregate provide the water repellent function and prevent the rapid migration of capillary moisture in the soil pore space.
Number of views: 2500 Download in PDF
Protected Natural Areas of South Vietnam – Dong Nai Biosphere Reserve
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 191-200.
Number of views: 2335 Download in PDF
9. Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol. ( 2 ), No 2, pp. 191-200.
Abstract:
Confirmed by high biodiversity richness of the soil resources of the Dong Nai biosphere reserve as a result of unique natural conditions. Revealed of plants and animals in the Red book of Vietnam and the IUCN Red list. The authors list includes 2.236 species of flora, 121 species of mammals, 373 species of birds and 2.109 species of insect in the biosphere reserve. Described 117 species of plants and animals listed in the Red book of Vietnam and 74 species included in the IUCN Red list. At monitoring sites identified 122 species of birds from 42 families. Of these 72 species are found in natural tropical forest (A, F, LV, LN, PL and PD1) and disturbed (B2 and PD2), 20 species are found only in the primary, 29 species in the anthropogennically transformed. The maximum rates of species richness of oribatid mites characteristic of the natural forest formations and decrease in anthropogenic transformed conditions. In natural forest ecosystems are more diverse species composition and high density of individuals. Identified an inverse relationship between the number of oribatid mites and their species diversity.
Confirmed by high biodiversity richness of the soil resources of the Dong Nai biosphere reserve as a result of unique natural conditions. Revealed of plants and animals in the Red book of Vietnam and the IUCN Red list. The authors list includes 2.236 species of flora, 121 species of mammals, 373 species of birds and 2.109 species of insect in the biosphere reserve. Described 117 species of plants and animals listed in the Red book of Vietnam and 74 species included in the IUCN Red list. At monitoring sites identified 122 species of birds from 42 families. Of these 72 species are found in natural tropical forest (A, F, LV, LN, PL and PD1) and disturbed (B2 and PD2), 20 species are found only in the primary, 29 species in the anthropogennically transformed. The maximum rates of species richness of oribatid mites characteristic of the natural forest formations and decrease in anthropogenic transformed conditions. In natural forest ecosystems are more diverse species composition and high density of individuals. Identified an inverse relationship between the number of oribatid mites and their species diversity.
Number of views: 2335 Download in PDF