2 December 25, 2023
Articles
1. Alla A. Okolelova, Ksenia G. Tutarashvili, Veronika N. Kaplya, Galina S. Egorova, Abbas Yousif Abdul Abbas, Elena E. Nefed’eva, Sergey L. Belopuhov
Technology for Phytoremediation of Oil-Contaminated Dense Soil
Biogeosystem Technique. 2023. 10(2): 51-65.
Number of views: 10 Download in PDF
2. Lenar. R. ValiullinBiogeosystem Technique. 2023. 10(2): 51-65.
Abstract:
The study was aimed to develop a technology for effective and safe cleaning and phytoremediation of heavily rocky oil-contaminated soil. The use of mechanical cleaning technology seemed rational, since it did not require special costs for soil removal and its transportation. Surfactants and other substances are used to clean soil from oil contamination. It was proposed to use surfactants intended for widespread use in industry because they sufficiently studied and available. Sokolan surfactant and defoamer AF 5503 were the least toxic for further soil remediation. The technology for cleaning of oil-contaminated soil involves their introduction into the apparatus for more efficient separation of oil components from contaminated soil. The preparations will not contribute to the toxicity of wastewater and washed soil during further remediation of the fertile soil layer. The use of green manure can improve the condition of soils and create prerequisites for the development of microflora involved in the transformation of oil products in the soil. Oil has a detrimental effect on the growth dynamics of sunflower cotyledons and stems. Mustard seeds showed the best germination. In addition, wheat, amaranth, oats and barley survived in oil-contaminated soil, and they can be used for phytoremediation. Mustard and oats are better adapted to the conditions of heavily stony, oil-contaminated soil. It is recommended to simultaneously sow oats and white mustard into the straw. It is necessary to carry out pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the solution of Lignohumate brand B potassium, consumption rate is 0.5 l/t, working solution consumption is 10-15 l/t. The seed material treatment will significantly enhance the growth and development of the plant root system in the first stages of ontogenesis. It is not recommended to apply mineral fertilizers before sowing, but fertilizing with mineral fertilizers can be carried out during the growing season. It is possible to use the solid fraction of municipal wastewater as organomineral fertilizers.
The study was aimed to develop a technology for effective and safe cleaning and phytoremediation of heavily rocky oil-contaminated soil. The use of mechanical cleaning technology seemed rational, since it did not require special costs for soil removal and its transportation. Surfactants and other substances are used to clean soil from oil contamination. It was proposed to use surfactants intended for widespread use in industry because they sufficiently studied and available. Sokolan surfactant and defoamer AF 5503 were the least toxic for further soil remediation. The technology for cleaning of oil-contaminated soil involves their introduction into the apparatus for more efficient separation of oil components from contaminated soil. The preparations will not contribute to the toxicity of wastewater and washed soil during further remediation of the fertile soil layer. The use of green manure can improve the condition of soils and create prerequisites for the development of microflora involved in the transformation of oil products in the soil. Oil has a detrimental effect on the growth dynamics of sunflower cotyledons and stems. Mustard seeds showed the best germination. In addition, wheat, amaranth, oats and barley survived in oil-contaminated soil, and they can be used for phytoremediation. Mustard and oats are better adapted to the conditions of heavily stony, oil-contaminated soil. It is recommended to simultaneously sow oats and white mustard into the straw. It is necessary to carry out pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the solution of Lignohumate brand B potassium, consumption rate is 0.5 l/t, working solution consumption is 10-15 l/t. The seed material treatment will significantly enhance the growth and development of the plant root system in the first stages of ontogenesis. It is not recommended to apply mineral fertilizers before sowing, but fertilizing with mineral fertilizers can be carried out during the growing season. It is possible to use the solid fraction of municipal wastewater as organomineral fertilizers.
Number of views: 10 Download in PDF
Searching for Effective Antagonists Against Toxin-Forming Microscopic Fungi and Bacteria
Biogeosystem Technique. 2023. 10(2): 66-73.
Number of views: 10 Download in PDF
3. Lenar. R. ValiullinBiogeosystem Technique. 2023. 10(2): 66-73.
Abstract:
The paper presents the studies in the field of toxin-forming phytopathogens of plant raw materials prevention. The studied isolates can be used as potential agents of biological control of fungal infections (Fusarium, Verticillum, Alternaria, Chaetomium, etc.) in agriculture. In the experiment, when silage was contaminated with the phytopathogen Chaetomium, sanitary indicators deteriorated, namely: the crude protein content when exposed to the phytopathogen Chaetomium became 26 % below control; the concentration of acid-detergent fiber when exposed to phytopathogen became lower than control by 28 %; the moisture content in the second group increased by 11 %; the concentration of dry matter when exposed to phytopathogen became lower than control by 36 %; the silage acidity index when exposed to phytopathogen became higher than control by 22 %; the concentration of lactic acid in the group with the use of the phytopathogen Chaetomium decreased by 20 %, the concentration of acetic acid decreased by 17 % compared to the control group. The use of isolates in corn silage contributed to the improvement of chemical parameters and increased nutritional value. Also, strains of Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp. Lactococcus spp. and 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil can be used in the development of new effective drugs to combat various groups of pathogenic microorganisms.
The paper presents the studies in the field of toxin-forming phytopathogens of plant raw materials prevention. The studied isolates can be used as potential agents of biological control of fungal infections (Fusarium, Verticillum, Alternaria, Chaetomium, etc.) in agriculture. In the experiment, when silage was contaminated with the phytopathogen Chaetomium, sanitary indicators deteriorated, namely: the crude protein content when exposed to the phytopathogen Chaetomium became 26 % below control; the concentration of acid-detergent fiber when exposed to phytopathogen became lower than control by 28 %; the moisture content in the second group increased by 11 %; the concentration of dry matter when exposed to phytopathogen became lower than control by 36 %; the silage acidity index when exposed to phytopathogen became higher than control by 22 %; the concentration of lactic acid in the group with the use of the phytopathogen Chaetomium decreased by 20 %, the concentration of acetic acid decreased by 17 % compared to the control group. The use of isolates in corn silage contributed to the improvement of chemical parameters and increased nutritional value. Also, strains of Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp. Lactococcus spp. and 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil can be used in the development of new effective drugs to combat various groups of pathogenic microorganisms.
Number of views: 10 Download in PDF
Study of Reducing the Danger of T-2 Toxin When Using a Drug of Organomineral Origin
Biogeosystem Technique. 2023. 10(2): 74-80.
Number of views: 11 Download in PDF
4. Biogeosystem Technique. 2023. 10(2): 74-80.
Abstract:
The prevalence of microscopic fungi and their metabolites in food raw materials and agricultural products poses a great threat to the population. Many mycotoxins are highly toxic and resistant to various environmental factors. The drugs available on the market do not completely neutralize these toxins. The residues of toxins can pose a threat to farm animals, causing a violation in hematological, biochemical, reproductive indicators, a decrease in weight gain, a deterioration in the sanitary quality of meat, milk and eggs. The comparative studies of the T-2 toxin effect on the biological objects – protozoa and primary cell culture (Stylonychia mytilus and bull spermatozoa) indicate a selective toxic activity of this type mycotoxin. When protozoa exposed to T-2 toxin in a dose of 0.5 mcg/ml, cell death was 19 %. The corresponding figure for a germ cell culture was 34 %. The protective effect of exposure to T-2 toxin on biological models was observed with the use of all studied protective drugs. When using bentonite from the Apastovo deposit of RT, the decrease in the death of protozoa against the background of the influence of T-2 toxin was 15 % higher compared to the control. When using strains of microorganisms B. Subtilis and L. Plantarum together with T-2 toxin, the death of protozoa was 10 % higher than the control. The use of the drug KMBI-3 containing bentonite and strains of microorganisms B. Subtilis and L. Plantarum significantly reduced the toxic effects of T-2 toxin, both on protozoan cells and on primary germ cells. The drug KMBI-3 is a dry powder that has the potential to reduce phytopathogen toxins in food raw materials.
The prevalence of microscopic fungi and their metabolites in food raw materials and agricultural products poses a great threat to the population. Many mycotoxins are highly toxic and resistant to various environmental factors. The drugs available on the market do not completely neutralize these toxins. The residues of toxins can pose a threat to farm animals, causing a violation in hematological, biochemical, reproductive indicators, a decrease in weight gain, a deterioration in the sanitary quality of meat, milk and eggs. The comparative studies of the T-2 toxin effect on the biological objects – protozoa and primary cell culture (Stylonychia mytilus and bull spermatozoa) indicate a selective toxic activity of this type mycotoxin. When protozoa exposed to T-2 toxin in a dose of 0.5 mcg/ml, cell death was 19 %. The corresponding figure for a germ cell culture was 34 %. The protective effect of exposure to T-2 toxin on biological models was observed with the use of all studied protective drugs. When using bentonite from the Apastovo deposit of RT, the decrease in the death of protozoa against the background of the influence of T-2 toxin was 15 % higher compared to the control. When using strains of microorganisms B. Subtilis and L. Plantarum together with T-2 toxin, the death of protozoa was 10 % higher than the control. The use of the drug KMBI-3 containing bentonite and strains of microorganisms B. Subtilis and L. Plantarum significantly reduced the toxic effects of T-2 toxin, both on protozoan cells and on primary germ cells. The drug KMBI-3 is a dry powder that has the potential to reduce phytopathogen toxins in food raw materials.
Number of views: 11 Download in PDF