2 December 24, 2022
Articles
1. Tatiana T. Glazko, Galina V. Glazko, Gleb Yu. Kosovsky, Boris L. Zybaylov, Valery I. Glazko
Interphase Nucleus and Transposable Elements (Review)
Biogeosystem Technique. 2022. 9(2): 62-76.
Number of views: 62 Download in PDF
2. Abhishek Singh, Sapna Rawat, Anil Kumar Singh, Karen Ghazaryan, Omkar Singh, Ragini Sharma, Neha Chakrawarti, Sakshi Singh, Omkar SinghBiogeosystem Technique. 2022. 9(2): 62-76.
Abstract:
How the nuclear architectonic is influencing gene expression programs is a fast developing area of research. In this review we track the accumulated data about interphase nucleus architectonic and how it is changing in various cellular populations of eukaryotes. We also discuss in details how major structural components of chromosomes – centromeres and telomeres – are organized. They consist of tandem repeats and transposons, closely related with each other. Mobile genetic elements play a key role in creating ectopic chromosomal contacts and laminal attachments of genomic elements. We note that retrotransposons autonomous long repeats LINE and non-autonomous short repeats SINE are localized differently over chromosomes. LINEs are preferably located in heterochromatin while SINEs are associated with euchromatin. They are involved in nuclear architectonic dynamic while gene expression programs are changing. We also consider the data about retrotransposons’ high evolutionary rate and their involvement into decreasing reproduction of inter-species hybrids. The relationship between genomic ‘resistance’ toward retrotransposition and the success insertion rate of several viruses is also discussed. The relationship between the variability of retrotranspositions, morphogenesis and speciation, as well as resistance to natural selection is a big question in contemporary medicine and biology given recent pandemic.
How the nuclear architectonic is influencing gene expression programs is a fast developing area of research. In this review we track the accumulated data about interphase nucleus architectonic and how it is changing in various cellular populations of eukaryotes. We also discuss in details how major structural components of chromosomes – centromeres and telomeres – are organized. They consist of tandem repeats and transposons, closely related with each other. Mobile genetic elements play a key role in creating ectopic chromosomal contacts and laminal attachments of genomic elements. We note that retrotransposons autonomous long repeats LINE and non-autonomous short repeats SINE are localized differently over chromosomes. LINEs are preferably located in heterochromatin while SINEs are associated with euchromatin. They are involved in nuclear architectonic dynamic while gene expression programs are changing. We also consider the data about retrotransposons’ high evolutionary rate and their involvement into decreasing reproduction of inter-species hybrids. The relationship between genomic ‘resistance’ toward retrotransposition and the success insertion rate of several viruses is also discussed. The relationship between the variability of retrotranspositions, morphogenesis and speciation, as well as resistance to natural selection is a big question in contemporary medicine and biology given recent pandemic.
Number of views: 62 Download in PDF
Comparative Case Study of Atmospheric Parameters over India and China during Covid 19 Lockdown
Biogeosystem Technique. 2022. 9(2): 77-88.
Number of views: 67 Download in PDF
3. Astghik Sukiasyan, Arsen Simonyan, Samvel Kroyan, Alik Hovhannisyan, Vahram Vardanyan, Alla Okolelova, Armen KirakosyanBiogeosystem Technique. 2022. 9(2): 77-88.
Abstract:
The novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) was first reported in China on December 8, 2019, and in India on January 27, 2020, as per the World Health Organization (WHO). Government of India and China implemented rapid and stringent measures to contain the spread of COVID-19, which included lockdowns and restrictions on population’s mobility. This study aims to investigate concentrations of NO2 emission, stratospheric ozone status, and temperature before and during the lockdown in India and China. In India lockdown was implemented from March 22 to May 31 and in China from January 23 to April 8, 2020. NO2 concentration, stratospheric ozone, and temperature of 2019 and 2020 were compared in both countries during the study period (January 1 – May 31). Our results showed a significant reduction in NO2 concentration up to 4-16 % and 4-40 % over India and China respectively, during the lockdown period. We observed a similar percentage change in concentration of stratospheric ozone was 1-12 % in India as well as China. Similarly, the percentage reduction in temperature was 0-5 % and 1-94 % in India and China respectively. Further analysis of satellite data revealed that NO2 emission decreased in April and May 2020 in India and from January to May 2020 in China. The study also showed a positive effect of lockdown on stratospheric ozone concentration, which increased during entire study period from January to May 2020 compared to 2019. While the COVID-19 lockdown had severe social and economic impacts, it positively impacted the natural environment.
The novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) was first reported in China on December 8, 2019, and in India on January 27, 2020, as per the World Health Organization (WHO). Government of India and China implemented rapid and stringent measures to contain the spread of COVID-19, which included lockdowns and restrictions on population’s mobility. This study aims to investigate concentrations of NO2 emission, stratospheric ozone status, and temperature before and during the lockdown in India and China. In India lockdown was implemented from March 22 to May 31 and in China from January 23 to April 8, 2020. NO2 concentration, stratospheric ozone, and temperature of 2019 and 2020 were compared in both countries during the study period (January 1 – May 31). Our results showed a significant reduction in NO2 concentration up to 4-16 % and 4-40 % over India and China respectively, during the lockdown period. We observed a similar percentage change in concentration of stratospheric ozone was 1-12 % in India as well as China. Similarly, the percentage reduction in temperature was 0-5 % and 1-94 % in India and China respectively. Further analysis of satellite data revealed that NO2 emission decreased in April and May 2020 in India and from January to May 2020 in China. The study also showed a positive effect of lockdown on stratospheric ozone concentration, which increased during entire study period from January to May 2020 compared to 2019. While the COVID-19 lockdown had severe social and economic impacts, it positively impacted the natural environment.
Number of views: 67 Download in PDF
Assessing the Geo-Environmental Risks of Technogenic Pollution of Agricultural Soils
Biogeosystem Technique. 2022. 9(2): 89-99.
Number of views: 71 Download in PDF
4. Biogeosystem Technique. 2022. 9(2): 89-99.
Abstract:
Environmental problems are the result of the disturbance of the natural balance through a combination of processes in the environment and their irreversible consequences. The latter causes specific environmental problems. This is particularly true for countries with limited land, water and plant resources. Factors such as soil fertility and protection against adverse effects, inactivating and demobilising chemical pollutants that penetrate the soil, etc. must be managed to ensure a stable ecosystem. Climatic factors (ambient temperature, rainfall, wind rose, etc.) also contribute to wasteful human activities. All these factors lead to soil degradation and desertification in the territory of the Republic. There are different forms of these phenomena. The extent and irreversible consequences of heavy metal contamination of biota are well documented. However, all discussions are reduced to quantitative comparisons of heavy metal concentrations in the environment with accepted maximum permissible concentrations, without focusing on the nature of what is happening. In this article, approaches with consideration of geo-ecological coefficients for assessment of multi-component impact of anthropogenic pollution on arable soils of the Republic of Armenia are considered. The anthropogenic zone of the city of Hrazdan and the surrounding arable soils are considered as an example of the approach to the estimation of the degree of environmental pollution. It contributes to the differentiation of abiotic and anthropogenic factors of heavy metal pollution in environmental studies. It helps to differentiate between the abiotic and the anthropogenic sources of heavy metals in studying them. This approach makes it possible to set limits on the use of natural resources. It also contributes to the development of environmental protection measures aimed at the safety of the biota as a whole.
Environmental problems are the result of the disturbance of the natural balance through a combination of processes in the environment and their irreversible consequences. The latter causes specific environmental problems. This is particularly true for countries with limited land, water and plant resources. Factors such as soil fertility and protection against adverse effects, inactivating and demobilising chemical pollutants that penetrate the soil, etc. must be managed to ensure a stable ecosystem. Climatic factors (ambient temperature, rainfall, wind rose, etc.) also contribute to wasteful human activities. All these factors lead to soil degradation and desertification in the territory of the Republic. There are different forms of these phenomena. The extent and irreversible consequences of heavy metal contamination of biota are well documented. However, all discussions are reduced to quantitative comparisons of heavy metal concentrations in the environment with accepted maximum permissible concentrations, without focusing on the nature of what is happening. In this article, approaches with consideration of geo-ecological coefficients for assessment of multi-component impact of anthropogenic pollution on arable soils of the Republic of Armenia are considered. The anthropogenic zone of the city of Hrazdan and the surrounding arable soils are considered as an example of the approach to the estimation of the degree of environmental pollution. It contributes to the differentiation of abiotic and anthropogenic factors of heavy metal pollution in environmental studies. It helps to differentiate between the abiotic and the anthropogenic sources of heavy metals in studying them. This approach makes it possible to set limits on the use of natural resources. It also contributes to the development of environmental protection measures aimed at the safety of the biota as a whole.
Number of views: 71 Download in PDF