3 September 30, 2016
1. Valery I. Glazko, Timur A. Erkenov, Tatina T. Glazko, Khisir M. Dzatoev
Genetic Structure of Karachai Horses on ISSR-PCR Markers
Biogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(9), Is. 3, pp. 195-204.
Number of views: 1660 Download in PDF
2. Sergei I. Kolesnikov, Anna A. Kuzina, Kamil Sh. Kazeev, Natal'ya A.Vernigorova, Natal'ya A. EvstegneevaBiogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(9), Is. 3, pp. 195-204.
Abstract:
Loss of biodiversity, irreversible extinction of local gene pools of native species, highly adapted to local agro-ecosystems requires the development of methods to identify the unique features of domestic genetic resources of farm animals. In this regard, in the present work the studies of the gene pool of representatives of the national Karachai breed horses, characterized by adaptation to conditions of mountain hypoxia, was carried out. The analysis of the genotypes of the 43 loci from 47 mares, 47 year-old fillies and 6 stallions with the use of methods for genotyping on the amplification products of the horse genome DNA fragments, flanked by inverted repeats of microsatellite loci (AG)9C, (GA)9C and (GAG)6C with the using of the polymerase chain reaction (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats – ISSR-PCR markers). The data obtained indicate a high degree of consolidation of the studied groups of animals, it was found that the average index of genetic identity between animals is 0.9345. The relatively high polymorphism of amplification product spectra obtained with the using as primer the sequence (GA)9C. In all spectra only 13 loci from 43 ones were polymorphic and only 5 of them were involved in the subdivision of the investigated animals on the genetic distances to the two clusters. Given the genotypes of stallions can be expected that the differentiation between one-year-old fillies due to their different contribution stallions in the formation of their gene pools.
Loss of biodiversity, irreversible extinction of local gene pools of native species, highly adapted to local agro-ecosystems requires the development of methods to identify the unique features of domestic genetic resources of farm animals. In this regard, in the present work the studies of the gene pool of representatives of the national Karachai breed horses, characterized by adaptation to conditions of mountain hypoxia, was carried out. The analysis of the genotypes of the 43 loci from 47 mares, 47 year-old fillies and 6 stallions with the use of methods for genotyping on the amplification products of the horse genome DNA fragments, flanked by inverted repeats of microsatellite loci (AG)9C, (GA)9C and (GAG)6C with the using of the polymerase chain reaction (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats – ISSR-PCR markers). The data obtained indicate a high degree of consolidation of the studied groups of animals, it was found that the average index of genetic identity between animals is 0.9345. The relatively high polymorphism of amplification product spectra obtained with the using as primer the sequence (GA)9C. In all spectra only 13 loci from 43 ones were polymorphic and only 5 of them were involved in the subdivision of the investigated animals on the genetic distances to the two clusters. Given the genotypes of stallions can be expected that the differentiation between one-year-old fillies due to their different contribution stallions in the formation of their gene pools.
Number of views: 1660 Download in PDF
Change of the Dehydrogenase Activity in Soils of Caucasus Black Sea Coast at Pollution of Heavy Metals and Oil
Biogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(9), Is. 3, pp. 205-217.
Number of views: 1724 Download in PDF
3. M.I. Muhammad, U. Wali, M.A. ModibboBiogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(9), Is. 3, pp. 205-217.
Abstract:
At the present time soils are exposed to increasing anthropogenic impact. The construction of new resorts, roads, pipelines – all of which can increase the soil pollution with heavy metals and oil. One of the most sensitive and informative indicators of the ecological condition of soils is the determination of the activity of the dehydrogenase. As a result, modeling studies found that pollution of chromium, copper, nickel, lead and oil reduces the dehydrogenase activity in all major soils of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus: southern chernozem, brown typical, brown leached, brown carbonate, brown forest acidic, brown forest acid podzolized, sod-carbonate typical, sod-carbonate leached soils, zheltozem. As a rule, for all investigated heavy metals and oil was a direct relationship between the content in the soil contaminant and the degree of reduction of the biological indicator. The results indicate that the most significant negative impact has chrome. In terms of the negative impact of the change dehydrogenase activity in the studied soils Black Sea coast heavy metal oxides to form the following generalized sequence: Cr > Cu ≥ Ni ≥ Pb. A comparative evaluation of the stability of the dehydrogenase activity to contamination with heavy metals and oil for the main soils of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Heavy metal pollution is least affected dehydrogenase activity typical sod-carbonate soils. For oil pollution on a particular indicator were more stable brown soil Resistance to the chemical contamination of soil depends on the nature and concentrations of pollutants in the soil, as well as the genetic properties of the soil itself.
At the present time soils are exposed to increasing anthropogenic impact. The construction of new resorts, roads, pipelines – all of which can increase the soil pollution with heavy metals and oil. One of the most sensitive and informative indicators of the ecological condition of soils is the determination of the activity of the dehydrogenase. As a result, modeling studies found that pollution of chromium, copper, nickel, lead and oil reduces the dehydrogenase activity in all major soils of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus: southern chernozem, brown typical, brown leached, brown carbonate, brown forest acidic, brown forest acid podzolized, sod-carbonate typical, sod-carbonate leached soils, zheltozem. As a rule, for all investigated heavy metals and oil was a direct relationship between the content in the soil contaminant and the degree of reduction of the biological indicator. The results indicate that the most significant negative impact has chrome. In terms of the negative impact of the change dehydrogenase activity in the studied soils Black Sea coast heavy metal oxides to form the following generalized sequence: Cr > Cu ≥ Ni ≥ Pb. A comparative evaluation of the stability of the dehydrogenase activity to contamination with heavy metals and oil for the main soils of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Heavy metal pollution is least affected dehydrogenase activity typical sod-carbonate soils. For oil pollution on a particular indicator were more stable brown soil Resistance to the chemical contamination of soil depends on the nature and concentrations of pollutants in the soil, as well as the genetic properties of the soil itself.
Number of views: 1724 Download in PDF
Flood Vulnerability Modelling Factors of Nafada Town, Gombe State, Nigeria Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Biogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(9), Is. 3, pp. 218-228.
Number of views: 1690 Download in PDF
4. Evgeny V. Shein, Nadezhda V. Verkhovtseva, Evgeny Yu. Milanovsky, Anna A. RomanychevaBiogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(9), Is. 3, pp. 218-228.
Abstract:
This study employs the integrated approach of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques in flood management with the goal of deriving flood vulnerability modelling factors. Flood vulnerability studies have become more efficient in recent years because of the availability of advanced computational facilities and use of GIS. Almost every year, Nafada Town has been experiencing repeated flooding during the rainy season (July to September). As a consequence, properties are lost or destroyed and sometimes lives are lost. The aim of this research is to develop factors that could be used in flood vulnerability modelling of terrain features that favored the incidence of the floods as part of the solution to the problem. The objectives were to process Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Scene 186/052 with a resolution of 90m·90m which covered the study area, downloaded from United State Geological Surveys (USGS) and the factors were obtained. These fetors were fill sink (elevation), terrain wetness index, proximity to river and overland flow length using the Integrated Land and water information system (ILWIS 3.3) Software, the factors were then classified using Natural breaks extension of ArcGIS 9.3 software. Hence, GIS techniques were proved to be useful in deriving the flood vulnerability modelling factors in a time and cost effective manner. It is recommended that GIS methods should be incorporated in planning and management of floods in the study area and further study should be conducted to combine these factors to develop a flood vulnerability model of the area.
This study employs the integrated approach of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques in flood management with the goal of deriving flood vulnerability modelling factors. Flood vulnerability studies have become more efficient in recent years because of the availability of advanced computational facilities and use of GIS. Almost every year, Nafada Town has been experiencing repeated flooding during the rainy season (July to September). As a consequence, properties are lost or destroyed and sometimes lives are lost. The aim of this research is to develop factors that could be used in flood vulnerability modelling of terrain features that favored the incidence of the floods as part of the solution to the problem. The objectives were to process Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Scene 186/052 with a resolution of 90m·90m which covered the study area, downloaded from United State Geological Surveys (USGS) and the factors were obtained. These fetors were fill sink (elevation), terrain wetness index, proximity to river and overland flow length using the Integrated Land and water information system (ILWIS 3.3) Software, the factors were then classified using Natural breaks extension of ArcGIS 9.3 software. Hence, GIS techniques were proved to be useful in deriving the flood vulnerability modelling factors in a time and cost effective manner. It is recommended that GIS methods should be incorporated in planning and management of floods in the study area and further study should be conducted to combine these factors to develop a flood vulnerability model of the area.
Number of views: 1690 Download in PDF
Microbiological Modification of Kaolinite and Montmorillonite Surface: Changes in Physical and Chemical Parameters (Model Experiment)
Biogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(9), Is. 3, pp. 229-234.
Number of views: 1675 Download in PDF
5. Alexander ZhuykovBiogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(9), Is. 3, pp. 229-234.
Abstract:
The interaction of microorganisms with mineral part of the soil solid phase determines the number of processes, such as weathering of primary minerals, their destruction or transformation due to the production of organic ligands and acids. The article describes the modification of the surface of the clay minerals kaolinite and montmorillonite by the pure culture of Bacillus circulans, capable of removing silicon and potassium from the minerals. After two months of culturing the bacteria in a clay medium, where the clay minerals were the source of potassium, the surfaces properties (contact angle, surface area) and microaggregate composition of clays were changed. The composition of the microbial community was reconstructed according to the microbial markers (fatty acids and their derivatives—fatty hydroxyacids and aldehydes) that were determined after the acid methanolysis of the samples using the molecular method of gas chromatography−mass-spectrometry. It is shown that the result of adsorption of bacteria and their metabolites and the formation of tightly bound microbial biofilm on the surface of a solid mineral phase was the clay surface hydrophobization. Sorption of bacterial metabolic products on the clay surface causes a decrease in the specific surface area, contact angle and C/N ratio. The formation of stable microaggregates with a diameter of about 30 mkm was noted. The role and importance of microorganisms in the changing mineral surface and in the initial stage of formation of aggregate waterproof structure are highlights.
The interaction of microorganisms with mineral part of the soil solid phase determines the number of processes, such as weathering of primary minerals, their destruction or transformation due to the production of organic ligands and acids. The article describes the modification of the surface of the clay minerals kaolinite and montmorillonite by the pure culture of Bacillus circulans, capable of removing silicon and potassium from the minerals. After two months of culturing the bacteria in a clay medium, where the clay minerals were the source of potassium, the surfaces properties (contact angle, surface area) and microaggregate composition of clays were changed. The composition of the microbial community was reconstructed according to the microbial markers (fatty acids and their derivatives—fatty hydroxyacids and aldehydes) that were determined after the acid methanolysis of the samples using the molecular method of gas chromatography−mass-spectrometry. It is shown that the result of adsorption of bacteria and their metabolites and the formation of tightly bound microbial biofilm on the surface of a solid mineral phase was the clay surface hydrophobization. Sorption of bacterial metabolic products on the clay surface causes a decrease in the specific surface area, contact angle and C/N ratio. The formation of stable microaggregates with a diameter of about 30 mkm was noted. The role and importance of microorganisms in the changing mineral surface and in the initial stage of formation of aggregate waterproof structure are highlights.
Number of views: 1675 Download in PDF
Conceptual Vectors of South Ukraine Plant-Grower Industry Development in Terms of Modern Climatic Transformation
Biogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(9), Is. 3, pp. 235-246.
Number of views: 1683 Download in PDF
6. Biogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(9), Is. 3, pp. 235-246.
Abstract:
The analysis is presented of basic agroclimatic indexes characterizing the weather terms of South Ukraine – average monthly air temperature and amount of atmospheric fallouts, as the factors, stipulating stability of plant-grower industry in the agro-climatic zone of research fulfilled. For the last 8–10 years of supervisions, the agroclimatic zone weather terms changed substantially. The main concern is the increase of average annual temperature of air – it became for 1.3–1.5°С higher. It appears on the background of decline of average atmospheric fallouts, and change of its vegetation period distribution as well. According obtained results, the maintenance of plant-grower industry of region demand the diversification of technologies. The key moment is the necessity to take the following: transfer the date of winter crops sowing (wheat, barley, rape) to later periods, which former were considered as critical in agronomical terms (the ІІІ ten-day period of October); revision of the planting system’s base elements; introducing to crop rotations more ecologically plastic alternative grain, leguminous and oil-bearing crops able to form the economically expedient level of productivity in an unfavorable growing conditions, which are critical according to actual hydrothermal coefficient terms (flax oily, types of mustard, chick-pea, sorghum).
The analysis is presented of basic agroclimatic indexes characterizing the weather terms of South Ukraine – average monthly air temperature and amount of atmospheric fallouts, as the factors, stipulating stability of plant-grower industry in the agro-climatic zone of research fulfilled. For the last 8–10 years of supervisions, the agroclimatic zone weather terms changed substantially. The main concern is the increase of average annual temperature of air – it became for 1.3–1.5°С higher. It appears on the background of decline of average atmospheric fallouts, and change of its vegetation period distribution as well. According obtained results, the maintenance of plant-grower industry of region demand the diversification of technologies. The key moment is the necessity to take the following: transfer the date of winter crops sowing (wheat, barley, rape) to later periods, which former were considered as critical in agronomical terms (the ІІІ ten-day period of October); revision of the planting system’s base elements; introducing to crop rotations more ecologically plastic alternative grain, leguminous and oil-bearing crops able to form the economically expedient level of productivity in an unfavorable growing conditions, which are critical according to actual hydrothermal coefficient terms (flax oily, types of mustard, chick-pea, sorghum).
Number of views: 1683 Download in PDF