4 December 14, 2016
Articles and Statements
1. Ruslan Sh. Gadzhiev
Indicators of Soil-Ecological Monitoring in Intensive Agriculture Area
Biogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(10), Is. 4, pp. 250-270.
Number of views: 1645 Download in PDF
2. Valeriy I. Glazko, Boris L. Zybailov, Tatiana T. GlazkoBiogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(10), Is. 4, pp. 250-270.
Abstract:
Using system of geochemical indicators, the differences of current natural and natural-anthropogenic pedogenesis under anthropogenic transformation of the West Belgorod region forest-steppe soils in conditions of intensive agriculture have been established. Taking into account the trend of indicators, the baseline set of geochemical environmental standards for environmental control has been revealed. The list of priority heavy metals for the soil-ecological monitoring has been proposed. It has been shown that in forest-steppe conditions, where the pedogenesis is mainly linked to forest environment, the prior for soil environmental monitoring taking into account the diminishing degree of toxicity list of heavy metals is as follows: Cu > Pb > Cr. For monitoring of soil and environment in forest-steppe conditions, dominated by agriculture, the list of six most informative geochemical factors has been identified, which reflect the subsurface weathering processes (leaching of cations Ca, Na, K, Mg) and the accumulation of trace elements in soils. It is shown that in the modern transformation of the land (increasing the area of perennial plantations according to the plans of import substitution) in the most important soil-ecological monitoring of land are used in gardening because of the higher rates of accumulation of heavy metals.
Using system of geochemical indicators, the differences of current natural and natural-anthropogenic pedogenesis under anthropogenic transformation of the West Belgorod region forest-steppe soils in conditions of intensive agriculture have been established. Taking into account the trend of indicators, the baseline set of geochemical environmental standards for environmental control has been revealed. The list of priority heavy metals for the soil-ecological monitoring has been proposed. It has been shown that in forest-steppe conditions, where the pedogenesis is mainly linked to forest environment, the prior for soil environmental monitoring taking into account the diminishing degree of toxicity list of heavy metals is as follows: Cu > Pb > Cr. For monitoring of soil and environment in forest-steppe conditions, dominated by agriculture, the list of six most informative geochemical factors has been identified, which reflect the subsurface weathering processes (leaching of cations Ca, Na, K, Mg) and the accumulation of trace elements in soils. It is shown that in the modern transformation of the land (increasing the area of perennial plantations according to the plans of import substitution) in the most important soil-ecological monitoring of land are used in gardening because of the higher rates of accumulation of heavy metals.
Number of views: 1645 Download in PDF
Noosphere and Domestication
Biogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(10), Is. 4, pp. 271-283.
Number of views: 1672 Download in PDF
3. Valery P. KalinitchenkoBiogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(10), Is. 4, pp. 271-283.
Abstract:
Biosphere problems lead to the necessity of deep analysis of its condition for development of approaches to ensuring more sustainable development. In this respect, the particular interest was the created by humans the biosphere artificial component - the agrarian civilization. The study of the unique features of its genetic resources, providing a high phenotypic diversity in domesticated species of animals and plants, to significantly distinguish them from closely related wild species may allow to create the new tools to manage of them. Previously we have shown that in the genomes of domesticated plant and animal species compared to closely related wild ones to reveal the increased frequency of short DNA fragments flanked by inverted repeats of microsatellites, genomic localization of which were associated with some mobile genetic elements. A comparative analysis of the spectra of genomic DNA fragment, flanked by inverted repeats of long terminal repeats (LTR) of endogenous retroviruses, which were first identified in animals (BERV β-3, BERVK1) and plants (SIRE-1, 5 PawS, BARE-1), discovered a certain intersection in the presence of the homologous sites of the mobile elements in the genomes of representative animals (sheep, horses, musk oxen) and plants (varieties of wheat and soy, a group of wild-growing soya). Own and accumulated literature data on the comparative analysis of genomic element polymorphisms (structural genes, short anonymous genomic DNA fragments, mobile genetic elements) suggested that the sources of unexpectedly high genetic heterogeneity of domesticated animal species and, apparently, plants in comparison with closely related wild species could be related to tolerance of provirus integration in the genomes of exogenous retroviruses, as well as the activation of transpositions of mobile genetic elements in connection with the crossing of closely related animals and the main cultivated plants.
Biosphere problems lead to the necessity of deep analysis of its condition for development of approaches to ensuring more sustainable development. In this respect, the particular interest was the created by humans the biosphere artificial component - the agrarian civilization. The study of the unique features of its genetic resources, providing a high phenotypic diversity in domesticated species of animals and plants, to significantly distinguish them from closely related wild species may allow to create the new tools to manage of them. Previously we have shown that in the genomes of domesticated plant and animal species compared to closely related wild ones to reveal the increased frequency of short DNA fragments flanked by inverted repeats of microsatellites, genomic localization of which were associated with some mobile genetic elements. A comparative analysis of the spectra of genomic DNA fragment, flanked by inverted repeats of long terminal repeats (LTR) of endogenous retroviruses, which were first identified in animals (BERV β-3, BERVK1) and plants (SIRE-1, 5 PawS, BARE-1), discovered a certain intersection in the presence of the homologous sites of the mobile elements in the genomes of representative animals (sheep, horses, musk oxen) and plants (varieties of wheat and soy, a group of wild-growing soya). Own and accumulated literature data on the comparative analysis of genomic element polymorphisms (structural genes, short anonymous genomic DNA fragments, mobile genetic elements) suggested that the sources of unexpectedly high genetic heterogeneity of domesticated animal species and, apparently, plants in comparison with closely related wild species could be related to tolerance of provirus integration in the genomes of exogenous retroviruses, as well as the activation of transpositions of mobile genetic elements in connection with the crossing of closely related animals and the main cultivated plants.
Number of views: 1672 Download in PDF
Soil Dynamics Management
Biogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(10), Is. 4, pp. 284-316.
Number of views: 1707 Download in PDF
4. Saglara S. Mandzhieva, Tatiana M. Minkina, Marina V. Buratchevskaya, Victor A. Chapligin, Viktoriia S. Tsitsuashvili, Vishnu D. Rajput, Karen A. Ghazaryan, Palma Orlović-Leko, Ivan ŠimunićBiogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(10), Is. 4, pp. 284-316.
Abstract:
Soil dispersed system is considered in terms of soil evolution fluctuation, biological, reclamation process, the theory and practice of successful, productive, long-term, sustainable and environment-friendly agronomic use. It is shown that implementation of soil biological functions in standard paradigm of agricultural technology is problematic – the modeling, normalizing and synthesizing the soil should not be done in custom imitative way of agricultural technology and land reclamation. Finding the new transcendental possibilities for acceptable probability to controlled new soil evolution quality, hydrological regime and soil cover structure is on agenda. Otherwise there is a risk to loss the soil. As a proven option, the transcendental approach to management of equilibrium in soil solution, hydrological regime, fertility, health and evolution of soil environmental quality, synthesis environment and getting a high economic result from the use of developed methods the Biogeosystem Technique is proposed. Research data are presented on evolution of steppe soils. The evolution can go in direction either of aggradation or degradation succession of vegetation, the agronomic quality of soil and soil cover structure. By subsurface milling treatment of complex chestnut soils a statistical range of variation of relative to norm the contrast of soil cover structure and the structure of the vegetation cover during the term of reclamation activities of 30 years decreased from 0.5–1.8 to 0.8–1.1. Morphological characterization of mixing and crushing of the soil internal genetic horizons degree by machining showed that the size of soil units in the horizon B in the control variant (moldboard tillage by 20–22 cm) was 7.0 cm, in the variant of soil milling processing with machine FS-1,3 to a depth of 40–45 cm. – 1.0–1.5 cm. In comparison to control, the soil milling subsurface processing is of significantly longer duration of biologically and economically effective ameliorative action of 30 years, and more. Biogeosystem Technique improves a water efficiency of the rainfed and irrigated agriculture. Biogeosystem Technique ensures a high stability of fundamentally new biogeosystem stagnating at a high level of efficiency and sustainability. Biogeosystem Technique helps to reduce a conflict between the biosphere and technology, to change the paradigm of development, and to synthesize a nature-similar environmental-friendly technology of biosphere.
Soil dispersed system is considered in terms of soil evolution fluctuation, biological, reclamation process, the theory and practice of successful, productive, long-term, sustainable and environment-friendly agronomic use. It is shown that implementation of soil biological functions in standard paradigm of agricultural technology is problematic – the modeling, normalizing and synthesizing the soil should not be done in custom imitative way of agricultural technology and land reclamation. Finding the new transcendental possibilities for acceptable probability to controlled new soil evolution quality, hydrological regime and soil cover structure is on agenda. Otherwise there is a risk to loss the soil. As a proven option, the transcendental approach to management of equilibrium in soil solution, hydrological regime, fertility, health and evolution of soil environmental quality, synthesis environment and getting a high economic result from the use of developed methods the Biogeosystem Technique is proposed. Research data are presented on evolution of steppe soils. The evolution can go in direction either of aggradation or degradation succession of vegetation, the agronomic quality of soil and soil cover structure. By subsurface milling treatment of complex chestnut soils a statistical range of variation of relative to norm the contrast of soil cover structure and the structure of the vegetation cover during the term of reclamation activities of 30 years decreased from 0.5–1.8 to 0.8–1.1. Morphological characterization of mixing and crushing of the soil internal genetic horizons degree by machining showed that the size of soil units in the horizon B in the control variant (moldboard tillage by 20–22 cm) was 7.0 cm, in the variant of soil milling processing with machine FS-1,3 to a depth of 40–45 cm. – 1.0–1.5 cm. In comparison to control, the soil milling subsurface processing is of significantly longer duration of biologically and economically effective ameliorative action of 30 years, and more. Biogeosystem Technique improves a water efficiency of the rainfed and irrigated agriculture. Biogeosystem Technique ensures a high stability of fundamentally new biogeosystem stagnating at a high level of efficiency and sustainability. Biogeosystem Technique helps to reduce a conflict between the biosphere and technology, to change the paradigm of development, and to synthesize a nature-similar environmental-friendly technology of biosphere.
Number of views: 1707 Download in PDF
Effect of Natural and Technogenic Factors on the Mobility and Transformation of Metal Compounds in Soil
Biogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(10), Is. 4, pp. 317-327.
Number of views: 1671 Download in PDF
5. Biogeosystem Technique, 2016, Vol.(10), Is. 4, pp. 317-327.
Abstract:
The effect of natural and technogenic factors on the Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cd, and As compounds mobility and transformation were studied from an analysis of the fractional–group composition of Cu, Zn, and Pb compounds in the soils of areas adjacent to the Novocherkassk power station. Novocherkassk Power Station is one of the largest power plants at the South of the Russian Federation. The soils sampled from the non-arable sites at different distances from the Power Station. The investigated soils were meadowy chernozem, calcareous chernozem, and alluvial-meadowy soil. The total concentration of metals was determined by the X-ray-fluorescent method. Mobile forms of metals include exchangeable, complex and specifically adsorbed compounds were determined. The fractionation method by Tessier (1979) was applied for metal compounds determination. Changes in the composition of Cu, Zn, and Pb compounds in the soils of technogenic landscapes were estimated. The effect of aerosol technogenic emissions on the mobility of metal compounds was revealed; a higher metal mobility was found in soils with low buffering capacity. Common and specific features of the formation of Cu, Zn, and Pb compounds in soils were determined. The role of individual soil components in the retention of metals in clean and contaminated soils was established.
The effect of natural and technogenic factors on the Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cd, and As compounds mobility and transformation were studied from an analysis of the fractional–group composition of Cu, Zn, and Pb compounds in the soils of areas adjacent to the Novocherkassk power station. Novocherkassk Power Station is one of the largest power plants at the South of the Russian Federation. The soils sampled from the non-arable sites at different distances from the Power Station. The investigated soils were meadowy chernozem, calcareous chernozem, and alluvial-meadowy soil. The total concentration of metals was determined by the X-ray-fluorescent method. Mobile forms of metals include exchangeable, complex and specifically adsorbed compounds were determined. The fractionation method by Tessier (1979) was applied for metal compounds determination. Changes in the composition of Cu, Zn, and Pb compounds in the soils of technogenic landscapes were estimated. The effect of aerosol technogenic emissions on the mobility of metal compounds was revealed; a higher metal mobility was found in soils with low buffering capacity. Common and specific features of the formation of Cu, Zn, and Pb compounds in soils were determined. The role of individual soil components in the retention of metals in clean and contaminated soils was established.
Number of views: 1671 Download in PDF