Number 1. (in 1 part) September 28, 2014
Relevant Topic
1. Valery Kalinichenko
Biogeosystem Technique as a Problem
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 4-19.
Number of views: 2649 Download in PDF
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 4-19.
Abstract:
Imitating land use is dangerous for the biosphere, increases natural and anthropogenic uncertainty of geospheres and climate. Pedosphere is experiencing the negative impact of farming, which causes soil degradation. To optimize the dispersion system of pedosphere, increase the biological capacity and productivity is prompted the scientific and technical branch Biogeosystem Technique. Is considered one of the technical solutions of the biogeosystem technique – milling device for subsurface soil treatment, which allows to synthesize into soil the disperse system from the material of illuvial and transition horizons. The penetration capacity of the soil increases. Aggregate composition of the soil after treatment consist of 1-3 mm fraction, which in the long-term action of reclamation formed valuable soil structure. Soil freely accepts any precipitation. Reactions in the soil absorption complex accelerates. Readily soluble salts leached. 40 years after the milling soil reclamation an amount of humus in the layer 20-40 cm reaches 3.3%, in the layer 20-40 cm 2.4 %, no signs of eluvial-illuvial pedogenesis. Increase of the crop yields is up to 25-40 % to the level of standard technology of soil improvement for the entire period of observation. Return on standard technology agronomy 22.4, reclamation standard technology 22.9, technology of subsurface soil milling 57.1 %. The new transcendental quality of pedosphere is synthesized, the new vector is obtained of controlled biosphere evolution, A long-term increase is achieved of the soil biological productivity. The long-term horizon is proposed of strategic planning in the biosphere.
Imitating land use is dangerous for the biosphere, increases natural and anthropogenic uncertainty of geospheres and climate. Pedosphere is experiencing the negative impact of farming, which causes soil degradation. To optimize the dispersion system of pedosphere, increase the biological capacity and productivity is prompted the scientific and technical branch Biogeosystem Technique. Is considered one of the technical solutions of the biogeosystem technique – milling device for subsurface soil treatment, which allows to synthesize into soil the disperse system from the material of illuvial and transition horizons. The penetration capacity of the soil increases. Aggregate composition of the soil after treatment consist of 1-3 mm fraction, which in the long-term action of reclamation formed valuable soil structure. Soil freely accepts any precipitation. Reactions in the soil absorption complex accelerates. Readily soluble salts leached. 40 years after the milling soil reclamation an amount of humus in the layer 20-40 cm reaches 3.3%, in the layer 20-40 cm 2.4 %, no signs of eluvial-illuvial pedogenesis. Increase of the crop yields is up to 25-40 % to the level of standard technology of soil improvement for the entire period of observation. Return on standard technology agronomy 22.4, reclamation standard technology 22.9, technology of subsurface soil milling 57.1 %. The new transcendental quality of pedosphere is synthesized, the new vector is obtained of controlled biosphere evolution, A long-term increase is achieved of the soil biological productivity. The long-term horizon is proposed of strategic planning in the biosphere.
Number of views: 2649 Download in PDF
The Science and the Problems of Development
2. Valery I. Glazko
The Science and the Management Society in the 21st Century
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 20-29.
Number of views: 2262 Download in PDF
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 20-29.
Abstract:
The article observes the main functions of science, the relationship between power and science, including the historical aspect. The article underlines the historical distinguished features of the soviet science, defining its current unsatisfactory state. The article discusses the possible overcoming ways of the misconceptions about the possibility of solving the problems of science through "free market".
The article observes the main functions of science, the relationship between power and science, including the historical aspect. The article underlines the historical distinguished features of the soviet science, defining its current unsatisfactory state. The article discusses the possible overcoming ways of the misconceptions about the possibility of solving the problems of science through "free market".
Number of views: 2262 Download in PDF
Articles and Statements
3. Leonid V. Berezin
Scientific Basis of the Adaptive Landscape Reclamation Farming Systems
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 30-40.
Number of views: 2439 Download in PDF
4. Olga S. Bezuglova, Anastasiya E. ShimkoBiogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 30-40.
Abstract:
The article explains the need for a new direction in farming systems. Instead the zonal system of agriculture in recent years is introduced the adaptive-landscape system of agriculture. It is proposed to expand the range of possible options of the adaptive-landscape system of agriculture on the principles of adaptive landscape and reclamation system of agriculture (ALRSA) that will transform agriculture in Russia and other countries, were arable land has a significant share of soils of low fertility. ALRSA is a systematic regular use of materials of remote sensing of the Earth by devices of high resolution (less than 10 m), the maximum differentiation of components of agricultural technologies to the land fund elements in order to ensure the protection and reproduction by environmentally safe soil reclamation.
The article explains the need for a new direction in farming systems. Instead the zonal system of agriculture in recent years is introduced the adaptive-landscape system of agriculture. It is proposed to expand the range of possible options of the adaptive-landscape system of agriculture on the principles of adaptive landscape and reclamation system of agriculture (ALRSA) that will transform agriculture in Russia and other countries, were arable land has a significant share of soils of low fertility. ALRSA is a systematic regular use of materials of remote sensing of the Earth by devices of high resolution (less than 10 m), the maximum differentiation of components of agricultural technologies to the land fund elements in order to ensure the protection and reproduction by environmentally safe soil reclamation.
Number of views: 2439 Download in PDF
The Use of Lignite and Compost-based Sewage Sludge as a Fertilizer and Soil Ameliorants
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 41-49.
Number of views: 2431 Download in PDF
5. Victor A. Chaplygin, Tatiana M. Minkina, Saglara S. Mandzhieva, Svetlana N. Sushkova, Olga G. Nazarenko, Galina V. MotuzovaBiogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 41-49.
Abstract:
In laboratory experiments it was shown that the brown coal and sludges-based composts while introducing them into the soil – ordinary chernozem carbonate and urbanozem – have increased biological activity, resulting in a significant increase in CO2 emissions. Phytotoxicity urbanozem when making lignite and composts reduced. Identification of a large set of heavy metals by means of spectral analysis showed that the introduction of sewage sludge and composts does not lead to an increase of their content in the soil.
In laboratory experiments it was shown that the brown coal and sludges-based composts while introducing them into the soil – ordinary chernozem carbonate and urbanozem – have increased biological activity, resulting in a significant increase in CO2 emissions. Phytotoxicity urbanozem when making lignite and composts reduced. Identification of a large set of heavy metals by means of spectral analysis showed that the introduction of sewage sludge and composts does not lead to an increase of their content in the soil.
Number of views: 2431 Download in PDF
Steppe Zone Vegetation and Soil Layer Pollution by Heavy Metals Under the Influence Novocherkassk Power Station Emission
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 50-57.
Number of views: 2249 Download in PDF
6. Valentin T. Cheshko, Lida V. Ivanitskaya, Yulia V. KosovaBiogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 50-57.
Abstract:
The influence of emissions of Novocherkassk Power Stationon Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ni and Pb content in grassy plants and the soil by results of long-term monitoring researches is established. Dependence of accumulation of elements on distance on the enterprise, properties of soils and existence of additional sources of technogenicpollution is shown. Pollution of plants by Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb, and also pollution of soils by Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb is observed. Mn is set for the greatest absolute content in the soil, and for Zn - in plants.
The influence of emissions of Novocherkassk Power Stationon Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ni and Pb content in grassy plants and the soil by results of long-term monitoring researches is established. Dependence of accumulation of elements on distance on the enterprise, properties of soils and existence of additional sources of technogenicpollution is shown. Pollution of plants by Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb, and also pollution of soils by Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb is observed. Mn is set for the greatest absolute content in the soil, and for Zn - in plants.
Number of views: 2249 Download in PDF
Configuration of Stable Evolutionary Strategy of Homo Sapiens and Evolutionary Risks of Technological Civilization (the Conceptual Model Essay)
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 58-68.
Number of views: 2252 Download in PDF
7. Valery I. GlazkoBiogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 58-68.
Abstract:
Stable evolutionary strategy of Homo sapiens (SESH) is built in accordance with the modular and hierarchical principle and consists of the same type of self-replicating elements, i.e. is a system of systems. On the top level of the organization of SESH is the superposition of genetic, social, cultural and techno-rationalistic complexes. The components of this triad differ in the mechanism of cycles of generation - replication - transmission - fixing/elimination of adoptively relevant information. This mechanism is implemented either in accordance with the Darwin-Weismann modus, or according to the Lamarck modus, the difference between them is clear from the title. The integral attribute of the system of systems including ESSH is the production of evolutionary risks. The sources of evolutionary risk for stable adaptive strategy of Homo sapiens are the imbalance of (1) the intra-genomic co-evolution (intragenomic conflicts); (2) the gene-cultural co-evolution; (3) the inter-cultural co-evolution; (4) techno-humanitarian balance; (5) inter-technological conflicts (technological traps). At least phenomenologically the components of the evolutionary risk are reversible, but in the aggregate they are in potentio irreversible destructive ones for bio-social, and cultural self-identity of Homo sapiens. When the actual evolution is the subject of a rationalist control and/or manipulation, the magnitude of the 4th and 5th components of the evolutionary risk reaches the level of existential significance.
Stable evolutionary strategy of Homo sapiens (SESH) is built in accordance with the modular and hierarchical principle and consists of the same type of self-replicating elements, i.e. is a system of systems. On the top level of the organization of SESH is the superposition of genetic, social, cultural and techno-rationalistic complexes. The components of this triad differ in the mechanism of cycles of generation - replication - transmission - fixing/elimination of adoptively relevant information. This mechanism is implemented either in accordance with the Darwin-Weismann modus, or according to the Lamarck modus, the difference between them is clear from the title. The integral attribute of the system of systems including ESSH is the production of evolutionary risks. The sources of evolutionary risk for stable adaptive strategy of Homo sapiens are the imbalance of (1) the intra-genomic co-evolution (intragenomic conflicts); (2) the gene-cultural co-evolution; (3) the inter-cultural co-evolution; (4) techno-humanitarian balance; (5) inter-technological conflicts (technological traps). At least phenomenologically the components of the evolutionary risk are reversible, but in the aggregate they are in potentio irreversible destructive ones for bio-social, and cultural self-identity of Homo sapiens. When the actual evolution is the subject of a rationalist control and/or manipulation, the magnitude of the 4th and 5th components of the evolutionary risk reaches the level of existential significance.
Number of views: 2252 Download in PDF
Ecological Genomics and Agriecosystems
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 69-84.
Number of views: 2303 Download in PDF
8. Rashid Saeed, Muhammad Ishfaq, Urooj Ishfaque, Zeeshan Fareed, Bushra Zulfiqar, Farrukh ShahzadBiogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 69-84.
Abstract:
The particularity of modern stage of agriecosystems, which demonstrated the crisis of agricultural civilization development throughout extensive way were considered. It was shown, how on the basis of modern possibilities of gene and genomic technologies, which linked with the geoinformation systems, it was possible to identify the genes involved in adaptations. The possibilities of agriculture intensification with the revealing and using the connections between gene pools of cultural plants and farm animals and the ecological-geographical features of their reproduction.
The particularity of modern stage of agriecosystems, which demonstrated the crisis of agricultural civilization development throughout extensive way were considered. It was shown, how on the basis of modern possibilities of gene and genomic technologies, which linked with the geoinformation systems, it was possible to identify the genes involved in adaptations. The possibilities of agriculture intensification with the revealing and using the connections between gene pools of cultural plants and farm animals and the ecological-geographical features of their reproduction.
Number of views: 2303 Download in PDF
Effect of Greenhouse Gases on Agriculture Production in Pakistan
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 85-88.
Number of views: 2570 Download in PDF
9. Evgeny V. Shein, Natalia S. Kukharuk, Sofia S. PaninaBiogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 85-88.
Abstract:
Change in climate is natural but slow process. Industrial revolution and anthropogenic activities have make this process fast and awarded the environment with greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane etc. High temperature, melting of glaciers, heavy rain fall, flood and deforestation are result of greenhouse gases which have injurious impact on agrarian economy. Agriculture sector is considered back bone of Pakistan economy. It’s not just feed the people mean while provide raw materials for agriculture based industry. This study is quantifying the impact of climate on agriculture production. Secondary data of last forty years was taken and treated in Eviews software. Regression techniques were applied and result shows that emission of greenhouse gases is effecting the agriculture production adversely.
Change in climate is natural but slow process. Industrial revolution and anthropogenic activities have make this process fast and awarded the environment with greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane etc. High temperature, melting of glaciers, heavy rain fall, flood and deforestation are result of greenhouse gases which have injurious impact on agrarian economy. Agriculture sector is considered back bone of Pakistan economy. It’s not just feed the people mean while provide raw materials for agriculture based industry. This study is quantifying the impact of climate on agriculture production. Secondary data of last forty years was taken and treated in Eviews software. Regression techniques were applied and result shows that emission of greenhouse gases is effecting the agriculture production adversely.
Number of views: 2570 Download in PDF
Soil Water Retention Curve: Experimental and Pedotransfer Data to Forecast Water Movement in Soils
Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 89-96.
Number of views: 2357 Download in PDF
10. Biogeosystem Technique, 2014, Vol.(1), № 1, pp. 89-96.
Abstract:
Soil water retention curve (WRC) - the most important hydrological characteristics of soils, which determines the movement of moisture and soluble substances in soils. This relationship between soil moisture and capillary pressure of moisture, is included in all forecasting mathematical models of moisture movement in the soils. To assess the adequacy of model calculations with using the WRC, obtained by different methods, WRC was defined by experimental laboratory methods, or was calculated by using pedotransfer functions (PTF). Then the calculated data and field nature experiments on the movement of moisture were compared with. The precision of moisture movement modeling in the soil was significantly determined by the method of obtaining WRC. The results of the experimental modeling of soils water regime, significantly the results of the simulation were located in the following descending order of precision: regional PTF > WRC (water retention curve), obtained by the method of sand-kaolin boxes > WRC, obtained using capillarimeters > PTF used in the program Agrotool (on the basis of the experimentally obtained hydrological constants) > PTF using as predictor of granulometric structure (from the data base ROSETTA) > WRC obtained using the centrifuge method > PTF based on Voronin’s «secants». It is recommended to create regional hydrophysical data base to calculate pedotransfer functions for forecasting modeling of soil water movement.
Soil water retention curve (WRC) - the most important hydrological characteristics of soils, which determines the movement of moisture and soluble substances in soils. This relationship between soil moisture and capillary pressure of moisture, is included in all forecasting mathematical models of moisture movement in the soils. To assess the adequacy of model calculations with using the WRC, obtained by different methods, WRC was defined by experimental laboratory methods, or was calculated by using pedotransfer functions (PTF). Then the calculated data and field nature experiments on the movement of moisture were compared with. The precision of moisture movement modeling in the soil was significantly determined by the method of obtaining WRC. The results of the experimental modeling of soils water regime, significantly the results of the simulation were located in the following descending order of precision: regional PTF > WRC (water retention curve), obtained by the method of sand-kaolin boxes > WRC, obtained using capillarimeters > PTF used in the program Agrotool (on the basis of the experimentally obtained hydrological constants) > PTF using as predictor of granulometric structure (from the data base ROSETTA) > WRC obtained using the centrifuge method > PTF based on Voronin’s «secants». It is recommended to create regional hydrophysical data base to calculate pedotransfer functions for forecasting modeling of soil water movement.
Number of views: 2357 Download in PDF