1 June 30, 2018
Articles and Statements
1. Arthur G. Jablokow, Philipp A. Nasirov, Feodor K. Orekhov, Oleg V. Gradov
“MALDI-FLIP-on-a-chip” and “MALDI-FRAP-on-a-flap”: Novel Techniques for Soil Microbiology and Environmental Biogeochemistry. II – Polymer Chip Prototyping (Invited Paper)
Biogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 3-56.
Number of views: 1234 Download in PDF
2. Galina V. Kharitonova, Fyodor S. Kot, Valeria O. Krutikova, Evgeny V. Kharitonov, Victor KislovskyBiogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 3-56.
Abstract:
In the second part of the article cycle «“MALDI-FLIP-on-a-chip” and “MALDI-FRAP-on-a-flap”: Novel Techniques for Soil Microbiology and Environmental Biogeochemistry» the polymer chip prototyping techniques are described. In particular, the compatibility problems are discussed. The problem of the biocompatibility of polymer chip surface is eliminated using GIM-surfaced chip exposition in the high-humidity experimental media, which may be interpreted as a model of soils. The problem of compatibilities of fluorescence techniques and polymer chips is resolved (as a part of the general chip optics problem) using microscopic investigations of polymer chip transparency in some different textural variances and microfluorimetric measurements of fluorescent dyes in the chip geometry. The problem of the soil chip prototyping is solved using 3D-printing based on some biocompatible and, so possible, biodegradable polymers. The basic complexity of experimental data is provided in the tables placed in the general article text. Is it possible to create multiparametric analytical technique for synchronous biocompatible soil microbiome analysis and monitoring? It is a general question for the real time environmental control. We can say “Yes”, but only if we have a minimal prerequisite case, which we have a good polymer, real “real time” analyzer, biocompatible and biodegradable coatings etc. In other cases the general problem of soil chip design is not a problem of engineering, but it is a problem of soil-chip interface chemical physics and physical chemistry. Such problem may be interpreted only as a principal physical, but not as a technical problem. This part of our article cycle is very simple and sensible, because such problems are not very strong and complexible, consequently, we can take only illustration of principle, but not a full verification and validation of fine and thin mechanisms of soil microbiome interactions with adhesive chip etc. Cureent opinions in soil biology are good compartible with our results, therefor we must not take full theoretical considerations in frames of the current concept paradigm in soil biology. De facto, it is a brief methodical and technical note before the closing of our projects in Russian Federation. It is not a normal research article, because all normal articles may be writed only in normal material and technical conditions.
In the second part of the article cycle «“MALDI-FLIP-on-a-chip” and “MALDI-FRAP-on-a-flap”: Novel Techniques for Soil Microbiology and Environmental Biogeochemistry» the polymer chip prototyping techniques are described. In particular, the compatibility problems are discussed. The problem of the biocompatibility of polymer chip surface is eliminated using GIM-surfaced chip exposition in the high-humidity experimental media, which may be interpreted as a model of soils. The problem of compatibilities of fluorescence techniques and polymer chips is resolved (as a part of the general chip optics problem) using microscopic investigations of polymer chip transparency in some different textural variances and microfluorimetric measurements of fluorescent dyes in the chip geometry. The problem of the soil chip prototyping is solved using 3D-printing based on some biocompatible and, so possible, biodegradable polymers. The basic complexity of experimental data is provided in the tables placed in the general article text. Is it possible to create multiparametric analytical technique for synchronous biocompatible soil microbiome analysis and monitoring? It is a general question for the real time environmental control. We can say “Yes”, but only if we have a minimal prerequisite case, which we have a good polymer, real “real time” analyzer, biocompatible and biodegradable coatings etc. In other cases the general problem of soil chip design is not a problem of engineering, but it is a problem of soil-chip interface chemical physics and physical chemistry. Such problem may be interpreted only as a principal physical, but not as a technical problem. This part of our article cycle is very simple and sensible, because such problems are not very strong and complexible, consequently, we can take only illustration of principle, but not a full verification and validation of fine and thin mechanisms of soil microbiome interactions with adhesive chip etc. Cureent opinions in soil biology are good compartible with our results, therefor we must not take full theoretical considerations in frames of the current concept paradigm in soil biology. De facto, it is a brief methodical and technical note before the closing of our projects in Russian Federation. It is not a normal research article, because all normal articles may be writed only in normal material and technical conditions.
Number of views: 1234 Download in PDF
Silica Microphorms in Soils Affected by Hydrothermal Activity on the Yellowstone Volcanic Plateau, USA
Biogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 57-70.
Number of views: 1241 Download in PDF
3. Fedor N. Lisetskii, Zhanna A. Buryak,, Evgenia Ya. ZelenskayaBiogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 57-70.
Abstract:
Many prominent ecological characteristics of Yellowstone derive from its hotspot-induced uplift, including the moderate- to high-elevation terrain, the cool climate and deep snowfall. Heat from the hotspot rises upward and drives Yellowstone’s famed geysers, hot springs and mud pots. The major soil-forming factors in the area are volcanic parent rocks – rhyolite and andesite – and lake sediments overlying rhyolite, cold temperatures, and deep snow in winter and low precipitation in summer. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of hydrothermal activity – geysers, hot springs and mud pots on the Yellowstone Plateau post-volcanic soils, developed on rhyolite, lake sediments and andesite. The sampling sites were chosen in areas both affected by hydrothermal activity – by mud pots, active geysers and the field of thermal waters and off the direct hydrothermal effect – Hayden Valley and the Lamar River Valley. Chemical weathering was a major feature of the affected soils. Near active mud pots, at pH 5.1–5.6, active rhyolite weathering resulted in abundant amorphous silica production and sequential thriving of diverse diatom algae. In soils on the lake sediments and close to the geysers, at low pH values (< 4), weathering was moderate and biogenic silica was presented mostly by shells of testate amoebae. The content of diatoms in these soils corresponded with that in the parent lake sediments. Similar conditions were observed for the soils on andesite in the Lamar River Valley. Biogenic silica was also found in the form of phytoliths, well-preserved in the productive grassland of the Hayden Valley, but significantly affected in the soils near active hydrotherms. Hydrothermal activity was a driving force of silicate mineral weathering and resulted in the thriving of diatoms on the plateau.
Many prominent ecological characteristics of Yellowstone derive from its hotspot-induced uplift, including the moderate- to high-elevation terrain, the cool climate and deep snowfall. Heat from the hotspot rises upward and drives Yellowstone’s famed geysers, hot springs and mud pots. The major soil-forming factors in the area are volcanic parent rocks – rhyolite and andesite – and lake sediments overlying rhyolite, cold temperatures, and deep snow in winter and low precipitation in summer. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of hydrothermal activity – geysers, hot springs and mud pots on the Yellowstone Plateau post-volcanic soils, developed on rhyolite, lake sediments and andesite. The sampling sites were chosen in areas both affected by hydrothermal activity – by mud pots, active geysers and the field of thermal waters and off the direct hydrothermal effect – Hayden Valley and the Lamar River Valley. Chemical weathering was a major feature of the affected soils. Near active mud pots, at pH 5.1–5.6, active rhyolite weathering resulted in abundant amorphous silica production and sequential thriving of diverse diatom algae. In soils on the lake sediments and close to the geysers, at low pH values (< 4), weathering was moderate and biogenic silica was presented mostly by shells of testate amoebae. The content of diatoms in these soils corresponded with that in the parent lake sediments. Similar conditions were observed for the soils on andesite in the Lamar River Valley. Biogenic silica was also found in the form of phytoliths, well-preserved in the productive grassland of the Hayden Valley, but significantly affected in the soils near active hydrotherms. Hydrothermal activity was a driving force of silicate mineral weathering and resulted in the thriving of diatoms on the plateau.
Number of views: 1241 Download in PDF
The Infrastructure of Land Management in the Post–Antique Agrolandscapes of Crimea
Biogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 71-86.
Number of views: 1220 Download in PDF
4. Jan Diek Van MansveltBiogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 71-86.
Abstract:
Ancient extended microforms of the relief are widely represented in a number of regions of the Crimea, where post-agricultural landscapes are found. These microforms are analogues of ground hydraulic engineering structures on arable land, which are used for the purposes of regulating surface runoff of water and controlling the intensity of erosion processes in erosion hazardous agro landscapes. The results of comprehensive studies of ancient land management and land use near the archaeological sites (settlements of farmers and pastoralists) of ancient times in the North-Western Crimea are presented in the article. Relict elements of land use in the form of trees and ditches, which were found in the ancient agricultural regions of the Crimea, are formed as a result of agrotechnical features of soil treatment within the allotments and by creating external borders of land plots to secure the rights of land users. The infrastructural elements of the antique land surveying systems were identified using remote sensing data and field methods. Features of soil cultivation in land allotments for perennial plantations and crops have been established. The physicochemical features of the soils showed that the marginal ridges in the post-ancient landscapes were uncultivated. Using the results of a detailed geodetic survey, the universal morphometric parameters of earth structures of various types were first obtained. With the help of remote sensing data and field methods was determined the topological structure of antique land surveying systems, and also were identified features of soil cultivation in land allotments for perennial plantations and grain crops. The classification of surveying rampart by their morphometric parameters has established three main types, which determines the prospects for further reconstruction of the technologies for their creation. According to the results of soil-chronological assessments, it was determined that surveying systems relate to the period of ancient land management (IV century BC – I century AD). Adaptive decisions in land use, which to some extent implement the principles of “geonics”, have a similarity both in creating regulatory boundaries (groundwater hydraulic structures on arable land) in modern land management projects, and in ancient agricultural practices.
Ancient extended microforms of the relief are widely represented in a number of regions of the Crimea, where post-agricultural landscapes are found. These microforms are analogues of ground hydraulic engineering structures on arable land, which are used for the purposes of regulating surface runoff of water and controlling the intensity of erosion processes in erosion hazardous agro landscapes. The results of comprehensive studies of ancient land management and land use near the archaeological sites (settlements of farmers and pastoralists) of ancient times in the North-Western Crimea are presented in the article. Relict elements of land use in the form of trees and ditches, which were found in the ancient agricultural regions of the Crimea, are formed as a result of agrotechnical features of soil treatment within the allotments and by creating external borders of land plots to secure the rights of land users. The infrastructural elements of the antique land surveying systems were identified using remote sensing data and field methods. Features of soil cultivation in land allotments for perennial plantations and crops have been established. The physicochemical features of the soils showed that the marginal ridges in the post-ancient landscapes were uncultivated. Using the results of a detailed geodetic survey, the universal morphometric parameters of earth structures of various types were first obtained. With the help of remote sensing data and field methods was determined the topological structure of antique land surveying systems, and also were identified features of soil cultivation in land allotments for perennial plantations and grain crops. The classification of surveying rampart by their morphometric parameters has established three main types, which determines the prospects for further reconstruction of the technologies for their creation. According to the results of soil-chronological assessments, it was determined that surveying systems relate to the period of ancient land management (IV century BC – I century AD). Adaptive decisions in land use, which to some extent implement the principles of “geonics”, have a similarity both in creating regulatory boundaries (groundwater hydraulic structures on arable land) in modern land management projects, and in ancient agricultural practices.
Number of views: 1220 Download in PDF
Considerations on Sustainable Land Use: A Contribution to the Movir’s 50th Anniversary
Biogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 87-109.
Number of views: 1199 Download in PDF
5. Tatyana V. Perevolotskaya, Vyacheslav S. AnisimovBiogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 87-109.
Abstract:
In this paper I reflect on plant breeding in the context of agriculture, agriculture in the context of society and society in the context of culture. Altogether a whole, created by interacting and interdependent humans, on a precious and limited globe. In order to rationally reflect on this whole, I use not only natural science [beta] notions, but refer to socio-economic [gamma] and cultural [alpha] science notions as well, in their mutual interactions. This to emphasise their interweavennes in all appliances of (agro and other) disciplinary sciences. Clarity on this interweavennes helps to understand the considerable problems that nature, environment, human health, animal welfare, crops and soil-ecosystems, labour conditions etc. are faced with by today’s industrial, chemotechnical agriculture.
In this paper I reflect on plant breeding in the context of agriculture, agriculture in the context of society and society in the context of culture. Altogether a whole, created by interacting and interdependent humans, on a precious and limited globe. In order to rationally reflect on this whole, I use not only natural science [beta] notions, but refer to socio-economic [gamma] and cultural [alpha] science notions as well, in their mutual interactions. This to emphasise their interweavennes in all appliances of (agro and other) disciplinary sciences. Clarity on this interweavennes helps to understand the considerable problems that nature, environment, human health, animal welfare, crops and soil-ecosystems, labour conditions etc. are faced with by today’s industrial, chemotechnical agriculture.
Number of views: 1199 Download in PDF
Conceptual and Mathematical Statement of the Process of Heavy Metals Migration in the System «Soil – Agricultural Plant»
Biogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 110-128.
Number of views: 1235 Download in PDF
6. Gantumur Sambuu, Haliun Gantumur, Galina V. KharitonovaBiogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 110-128.
Abstract:
The mathematical modeling was used to describe the functioning and organization of natural ecosystems as well as various approaches to the classification of environmental models to describe both the individual processes and their interactions on the base of the real system patterns. Using the system analysis, the components of the system «soil – agricultural plant» are identified and analyzed separately interconnected by bilateral cause – effect relationships. It was shown that the origin of the studied system is artificial, while specific of the components is material. By the nature of interaction with the environment it is an open system, the sequence of events in which is not deterministic and is probabilistic. In developing the conceptual model of heavy metal migration in the system «soil – agricultural plant», a number of assumptions were made: the main mechanism of heavy metals input into crops is the root one; the process of chemical element transfer between the components of the system can occur in forward and reverse directions; in the processes of migration between the components of ecosystems, the transit of heavy metals can take place; the foliar flow of heavy metals is taken into account, mediated, in the transfer constants from the soil to the above-ground phytomass of crops; it is assumed that the investigated chemical element is isolated from the parts of plants into the soil. The accepted limitation in the development of the conceptual model of the TM migration process in the system «soil – agricultural plant» is the formalization of the initial information to quantifiable indicators. Based on the results of the system analysis, adopted approaches and assumptions, a conceptual model of TM migration in the system of «soil – agricultural plants» is developed, with the allocation of the main blocks (compartment): arable soil layer (0-30 cm), aerial phytomass of plants, the root system of plants (root and tuber fields), the subsurface layer of the soil. Mathematical description of the dynamics of migration of chemical elements between the individual components of the studied system «soil – agricultural plant» is presented by a system of linear differential equations of 1st order. The process of migration between the compartments are determined by the constants of transfer of a chemical elements, based on literature data and average values of coefficients of accumulation of Zn, cu, Pb, Cd in the most common crops.
The mathematical modeling was used to describe the functioning and organization of natural ecosystems as well as various approaches to the classification of environmental models to describe both the individual processes and their interactions on the base of the real system patterns. Using the system analysis, the components of the system «soil – agricultural plant» are identified and analyzed separately interconnected by bilateral cause – effect relationships. It was shown that the origin of the studied system is artificial, while specific of the components is material. By the nature of interaction with the environment it is an open system, the sequence of events in which is not deterministic and is probabilistic. In developing the conceptual model of heavy metal migration in the system «soil – agricultural plant», a number of assumptions were made: the main mechanism of heavy metals input into crops is the root one; the process of chemical element transfer between the components of the system can occur in forward and reverse directions; in the processes of migration between the components of ecosystems, the transit of heavy metals can take place; the foliar flow of heavy metals is taken into account, mediated, in the transfer constants from the soil to the above-ground phytomass of crops; it is assumed that the investigated chemical element is isolated from the parts of plants into the soil. The accepted limitation in the development of the conceptual model of the TM migration process in the system «soil – agricultural plant» is the formalization of the initial information to quantifiable indicators. Based on the results of the system analysis, adopted approaches and assumptions, a conceptual model of TM migration in the system of «soil – agricultural plants» is developed, with the allocation of the main blocks (compartment): arable soil layer (0-30 cm), aerial phytomass of plants, the root system of plants (root and tuber fields), the subsurface layer of the soil. Mathematical description of the dynamics of migration of chemical elements between the individual components of the studied system «soil – agricultural plant» is presented by a system of linear differential equations of 1st order. The process of migration between the compartments are determined by the constants of transfer of a chemical elements, based on literature data and average values of coefficients of accumulation of Zn, cu, Pb, Cd in the most common crops.
Number of views: 1235 Download in PDF
Soils Pollution with Oil Products (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
Biogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 129-140.
Number of views: 1227 Download in PDF
7. Nguyen Van Thinh, Do Phong Luu, A. A. Okolelova, Ngo Trung DungBiogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 129-140.
Abstract:
As for most megacities, the problem of soil pollution with oil products is acute for the capital of Mongolia. In Ulaanbaatar, it is provided (aggravated) with dust pollution from the burning of brown coal, containing heavy metals and As, used in fuel and industrial complex and yurt part of the city. In this paper soil contamination of Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar with oil products was investigated. In addition, the state of soils in the zone of influence of gas stations was studied to reveal the patterns of accumulation of oil products and heavy metals (and arsenic), which fall into the soil due to atmospheric dust. Such surveys for Ulaanbaatar have not been conducted previously. Based on soil-geochemical survey, a map of soil contamination of the city with oil products was constructed. According to the obtained data, the content of oil products in the presence of local anomalies with medium and heavy soil contamination of Ulaanbaatar are classified as slightly contaminated. Elevated (above the maximum allowable concentration of 100 mg/kg) content of oil products in soils was found along the city's main highway, industrial zone, CHPP and yurt zone, high value were found in oil tank farms and filling stations (up to 1000 mg/kg soil and more). The visualization of the obtained data (the content of oil, heavy metals and As in soils) by GIS methods showed cumulative effect of As accumulation with petroleum products most likely due to atmospheric dust from the burning of brown coal.
As for most megacities, the problem of soil pollution with oil products is acute for the capital of Mongolia. In Ulaanbaatar, it is provided (aggravated) with dust pollution from the burning of brown coal, containing heavy metals and As, used in fuel and industrial complex and yurt part of the city. In this paper soil contamination of Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar with oil products was investigated. In addition, the state of soils in the zone of influence of gas stations was studied to reveal the patterns of accumulation of oil products and heavy metals (and arsenic), which fall into the soil due to atmospheric dust. Such surveys for Ulaanbaatar have not been conducted previously. Based on soil-geochemical survey, a map of soil contamination of the city with oil products was constructed. According to the obtained data, the content of oil products in the presence of local anomalies with medium and heavy soil contamination of Ulaanbaatar are classified as slightly contaminated. Elevated (above the maximum allowable concentration of 100 mg/kg) content of oil products in soils was found along the city's main highway, industrial zone, CHPP and yurt zone, high value were found in oil tank farms and filling stations (up to 1000 mg/kg soil and more). The visualization of the obtained data (the content of oil, heavy metals and As in soils) by GIS methods showed cumulative effect of As accumulation with petroleum products most likely due to atmospheric dust from the burning of brown coal.
Number of views: 1227 Download in PDF
Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in Soils of Kon Ka Kinh National Park (Central Vietnam)
Biogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 141-146.
Number of views: 1234 Download in PDF
8. Biogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(1): 141-146.
Abstract:
The article presents the results of analysis of organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the soils at the 6 different types of tropical forest: Mixed forest between broad-leaved trees and conifers (Lagerstroemia calyculata + Pinus kesiya); Bamboo forest (Bambusa); Three-needled pine (Pinus kesiya); Primary broad-leaf evergreen forest has dominated by Fagaceae; Primary broad-leaf evergreen forest, dominated by Fagaceae, near the streams, can be flooded in the rainy season and Mixed forest between broad-leaved trees and conifers (Fagaceae + Dacrycarpus imbricatus, Dacrydium elatum) of Kon Ka Kinh National Park in Central Vietnam. OC concentrations ranged from 1.1 % in the Primary broad-leaf evergreen forest to 3.5 % in the Mixed forest between broad-leaved trees and conifers (Fagaceae + Dacrycarpus imbricatus, Dacrydium elatum). TN concentrations varied from 0.33 % in the Three-needled pine to 0.04 % in the Bamboo forest. In the Primary broad-leaf evergreen forest has dominated by Fagaceae, OC decreases while TN increases according to the depth of soil. In the Primary broad-leaf evergreen forest, dominated by Fagaceae, near the streams, OC does not change, and TN decreases with soil horizon.
The article presents the results of analysis of organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the soils at the 6 different types of tropical forest: Mixed forest between broad-leaved trees and conifers (Lagerstroemia calyculata + Pinus kesiya); Bamboo forest (Bambusa); Three-needled pine (Pinus kesiya); Primary broad-leaf evergreen forest has dominated by Fagaceae; Primary broad-leaf evergreen forest, dominated by Fagaceae, near the streams, can be flooded in the rainy season and Mixed forest between broad-leaved trees and conifers (Fagaceae + Dacrycarpus imbricatus, Dacrydium elatum) of Kon Ka Kinh National Park in Central Vietnam. OC concentrations ranged from 1.1 % in the Primary broad-leaf evergreen forest to 3.5 % in the Mixed forest between broad-leaved trees and conifers (Fagaceae + Dacrycarpus imbricatus, Dacrydium elatum). TN concentrations varied from 0.33 % in the Three-needled pine to 0.04 % in the Bamboo forest. In the Primary broad-leaf evergreen forest has dominated by Fagaceae, OC decreases while TN increases according to the depth of soil. In the Primary broad-leaf evergreen forest, dominated by Fagaceae, near the streams, OC does not change, and TN decreases with soil horizon.
Number of views: 1234 Download in PDF