2 June 30, 2015
Relevant Topic
1. Valery P. Kalinichenko
Biogeosystem Technique as the Method for Earth’s Climate Stabilizing
Biogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 104-137.
Number of views: 2067 Download in PDF
Biogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 104-137.
Abstract:
Models of the Earth's climate dynamics are unstable. Climate engineering is focused on the transformation of Earth's climate, but its methods are largely inconsistent concerning the nature of the Biosphere. The cycles of matter on the Earth are mostly closed in the oceans, geological deposits, which leads to the impoverishment of the Biosphere and periodic catastrophic end of its next cycle. Actual industrial technology platform tends to raise the degree of uncertainty of the Biosphere and the Earth's climate, including incorrect application of economic instruments. systemic weaknesses of modern simulating industrial technologies of ecology, land use and nature use, industry, agriculture, urbanization, focused on solving particular problems of bottlenecks and unable to resolve the problem of stabilizing climate. It causes man-made degradation of the biosphere and the probability of loss of life on Earth The Biogeosystem technique is proposed. It is the scientific and technical branch, precluding a confrontation between the Humanity and the Biosphere. Biogeosystem technique allows you to correct the status of disperse system of soil, manage its material composition, including moisture content, aggregate properties, to improve the conditions of the plants, minimize the consumption of energy and matter per unit of biomass due to the correct management of biological processes. It is possible to renew and multiply the resources to expand and increase the biosphere biomass to produce more food, raw material and biofuels, reduce the cost of energy and material by robotics. On the basis of Biogeosystem technique is proposed the algorithm for damping Earth's climate uncertainty. The main motive of the algorithm – to strengthen and evenly disperse the photosynthesis in the Earth's biosphere, which will reduce the feedback time of greenhouse gases recycling directly in photosynthesis (carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere (air ionization by photosynthesis enhance the natural oxidation of methane in the atmosphere), to extend the biological phase of carbon and other substances.
Models of the Earth's climate dynamics are unstable. Climate engineering is focused on the transformation of Earth's climate, but its methods are largely inconsistent concerning the nature of the Biosphere. The cycles of matter on the Earth are mostly closed in the oceans, geological deposits, which leads to the impoverishment of the Biosphere and periodic catastrophic end of its next cycle. Actual industrial technology platform tends to raise the degree of uncertainty of the Biosphere and the Earth's climate, including incorrect application of economic instruments. systemic weaknesses of modern simulating industrial technologies of ecology, land use and nature use, industry, agriculture, urbanization, focused on solving particular problems of bottlenecks and unable to resolve the problem of stabilizing climate. It causes man-made degradation of the biosphere and the probability of loss of life on Earth The Biogeosystem technique is proposed. It is the scientific and technical branch, precluding a confrontation between the Humanity and the Biosphere. Biogeosystem technique allows you to correct the status of disperse system of soil, manage its material composition, including moisture content, aggregate properties, to improve the conditions of the plants, minimize the consumption of energy and matter per unit of biomass due to the correct management of biological processes. It is possible to renew and multiply the resources to expand and increase the biosphere biomass to produce more food, raw material and biofuels, reduce the cost of energy and material by robotics. On the basis of Biogeosystem technique is proposed the algorithm for damping Earth's climate uncertainty. The main motive of the algorithm – to strengthen and evenly disperse the photosynthesis in the Earth's biosphere, which will reduce the feedback time of greenhouse gases recycling directly in photosynthesis (carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere (air ionization by photosynthesis enhance the natural oxidation of methane in the atmosphere), to extend the biological phase of carbon and other substances.
Number of views: 2067 Download in PDF
The Science and the Problems of Development
2. Tatiana T. Glazko, Gleb Yu. Kosovskiy, Svetlana N. Kovaltchuk, Boris L. Zybailov, Valery I. Glazko
Genomic Scanning Using Inverted Repeats of Microsatellites (GAG)6C, (AG)9C
Biogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 138-152.
Number of views: 2107 Download in PDF
Biogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 138-152.
Abstract:
The sequencing of genomic DNA fragments of holsteinizated cattle with a length of about 550 nucleotides, flanked by inverted repeats of microsatellites (GAG)6C and (AG)9C and search their homology to the reference bovine genome in GenBank database was first performed. In most cases, homologous (GAG)6C sequences were localized in immune genes and cellular signaling systems or in their 5’ flanks in the intergenic space. The most frequently sequenced of genome reginons, flanked by inverted repeat (AG)9C met areas of homology with long dispersed nuclear element LINE-1, species specific for Bos taurus – L1-BT, or the products of recombination between them. This leads to the conclusion that the microsatellite AG is closely linked with this product of recombination. The data obtained indicate that microsatellites, even with the very similar core motives, such as (GAG)6C and (AG)9C, differed significantly from each other in association with different genomic elements. The data obtained must be considered when using different microsatellites in order genomic scanning. A possible value for these differences of susceptibility of the investigated microsatellites to the formation of various non-canonical DNA structures such as the G4 quadruplexes, appearing of molecular (DNA-RNA) triplexes were discussed.
The sequencing of genomic DNA fragments of holsteinizated cattle with a length of about 550 nucleotides, flanked by inverted repeats of microsatellites (GAG)6C and (AG)9C and search their homology to the reference bovine genome in GenBank database was first performed. In most cases, homologous (GAG)6C sequences were localized in immune genes and cellular signaling systems or in their 5’ flanks in the intergenic space. The most frequently sequenced of genome reginons, flanked by inverted repeat (AG)9C met areas of homology with long dispersed nuclear element LINE-1, species specific for Bos taurus – L1-BT, or the products of recombination between them. This leads to the conclusion that the microsatellite AG is closely linked with this product of recombination. The data obtained indicate that microsatellites, even with the very similar core motives, such as (GAG)6C and (AG)9C, differed significantly from each other in association with different genomic elements. The data obtained must be considered when using different microsatellites in order genomic scanning. A possible value for these differences of susceptibility of the investigated microsatellites to the formation of various non-canonical DNA structures such as the G4 quadruplexes, appearing of molecular (DNA-RNA) triplexes were discussed.
Number of views: 2107 Download in PDF
Articles and Statements
3. Vjacheslav S. Anisimov, Lidia N. Anisimova, Ljudmila M. Frigidova, Dmitry V. Dikarev, Ruslan A. Frigidov, Ilja V. Kochetkov, Nanalia I. Sanzharova
Evaluation of Migration Ability of Zn in the Soil-Plant System
Biogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 153-163.
Number of views: 2009 Download in PDF
4. Tatiana Yu. AnopchenkoBiogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 153-163.
Abstract:
Zinc migration patterns in the soil–plant systems were studied in the pot experiment as dependent on soil type, as well as metal concentrations. The quantified values of Zn migration were determined with use of fodder beans (Vicia faba L.) as a test culture. Threshold concentrations of Zn were established in the sod-podzolic sandy loam, peat swamp low-lying soils and chernozem leached silty clay loam, which manifest itself in phytotoxicity. It is shown that edaphic factors play an important role in regulating the mobility of Zn in the soil - plant system as physiological characteristics of the plants. The different approaches to rationing of Zn in soils are also presented.
Zinc migration patterns in the soil–plant systems were studied in the pot experiment as dependent on soil type, as well as metal concentrations. The quantified values of Zn migration were determined with use of fodder beans (Vicia faba L.) as a test culture. Threshold concentrations of Zn were established in the sod-podzolic sandy loam, peat swamp low-lying soils and chernozem leached silty clay loam, which manifest itself in phytotoxicity. It is shown that edaphic factors play an important role in regulating the mobility of Zn in the soil - plant system as physiological characteristics of the plants. The different approaches to rationing of Zn in soils are also presented.
Number of views: 2009 Download in PDF
Capitalization of the Natural Rent in the Transport and Logistic Complex of the South Russia
Biogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 164-171.
Number of views: 2034 Download in PDF
5. Vitaly I. PichuraBiogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 164-171.
Abstract:
The role is discussed of rent income regulation, combined with the institutional development of the economy in terms of tourism organization and logistics activities. Taking into account the capitalization of the natural rent in recreation and tourism, transport and logistics complex of South Russia the possibility are discussed of overcoming the economic problems on the basis of new areas of economic development in the biosphere. It is shown that the re-engineering and the biogeosystem technique allow increasing the role of rent as a source of funding the strategic priorities of national development.
The role is discussed of rent income regulation, combined with the institutional development of the economy in terms of tourism organization and logistics activities. Taking into account the capitalization of the natural rent in recreation and tourism, transport and logistics complex of South Russia the possibility are discussed of overcoming the economic problems on the basis of new areas of economic development in the biosphere. It is shown that the re-engineering and the biogeosystem technique allow increasing the role of rent as a source of funding the strategic priorities of national development.
Number of views: 2034 Download in PDF
Basin Approach to Spatial-Temporal Modeling and Neyroprediction of Potassium Content in Dry Steppe Soils
Biogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 172-184.
Number of views: 2078 Download in PDF
6. E. V. Shein, S. A. Erol, E. Yu. Milanovskiy, F. D. Mikailsoy, N. V. Verhovtseva, S.I. Zinchenko, F. Er, S. ErsahinBiogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 172-184.
Abstract:
The study presents the results of systemic application of а basin approach, geoinformation and neurotechnologies for spatial inhomogeneity modeling and prediction of changes in the content of potassium in the steppe and dry steppe zones (the Kherson region of Ukraine as an example). It shows that among the three types of basins coastal and river basins have the least homogeneous structure of soil and granulometric composition. The modeling has determined a general regularity in changes in potassium content in the 0 ... 40 cm deep layer over the past 42 years and shown a continuous process of gradual depletion of potassium in arable soils. Lack of regular and uniform chemical fertilization in required amounts, water erosion, including irrigation-caused erosion, and soil deflation, as well as continual irrigation resulted in potassium content reduction by an average of 18 % (from 442.8 mg/kg to 363.8 mg/kg) in 1970-2012. For 4450 points of observation, spatial and graphical analysis revealed a decrease in variability and a rising quadratic dependence of higher content of potassium in the direction from west to east, and its lower content from south to north. Autocorrelation analysis determined the minimum and maximum radii of typicality of potassium formation: 2.5 (r = 0.413) and 12.5 km (r = 0.170), respectively. This indicates a significant spatial heterogeneity of potassium distribution both within the boundaries of individual basins and within the contours of various soil types. Using the tools of multivariate statistics the study pioneered in obtaining spatial functions of potassium distribution and availability in the soils of the main basins of the Kherson region (with a correlation of 0.46 and 0.96, respectively). For the first time for the steppe and dry steppe zone, the study, based on geostatistical methods and regression analysis, approximated a linear dependence (r = 0.83) of exchangeable potassium and content of physical clay fraction (particles <0.01 mm) in soil texture. As a result of neurotechnological modeling, there was created a three-layer artificial neural network for spatial-temporal modeling of potassium content in the soils. The approximation reliability of the neuromodel is 85–94%. The study predicts an irreversible process of soil potassium depletion on rainfed lands by 1.9 mg/year, and on irrigated lands by 3.1 mg/year by 2025 if the current agricultural practices continue. The research results determine territorial priorities of regional policy allowing the use of differential effectiveness of soil conservation practices in farming systems.
The study presents the results of systemic application of а basin approach, geoinformation and neurotechnologies for spatial inhomogeneity modeling and prediction of changes in the content of potassium in the steppe and dry steppe zones (the Kherson region of Ukraine as an example). It shows that among the three types of basins coastal and river basins have the least homogeneous structure of soil and granulometric composition. The modeling has determined a general regularity in changes in potassium content in the 0 ... 40 cm deep layer over the past 42 years and shown a continuous process of gradual depletion of potassium in arable soils. Lack of regular and uniform chemical fertilization in required amounts, water erosion, including irrigation-caused erosion, and soil deflation, as well as continual irrigation resulted in potassium content reduction by an average of 18 % (from 442.8 mg/kg to 363.8 mg/kg) in 1970-2012. For 4450 points of observation, spatial and graphical analysis revealed a decrease in variability and a rising quadratic dependence of higher content of potassium in the direction from west to east, and its lower content from south to north. Autocorrelation analysis determined the minimum and maximum radii of typicality of potassium formation: 2.5 (r = 0.413) and 12.5 km (r = 0.170), respectively. This indicates a significant spatial heterogeneity of potassium distribution both within the boundaries of individual basins and within the contours of various soil types. Using the tools of multivariate statistics the study pioneered in obtaining spatial functions of potassium distribution and availability in the soils of the main basins of the Kherson region (with a correlation of 0.46 and 0.96, respectively). For the first time for the steppe and dry steppe zone, the study, based on geostatistical methods and regression analysis, approximated a linear dependence (r = 0.83) of exchangeable potassium and content of physical clay fraction (particles <0.01 mm) in soil texture. As a result of neurotechnological modeling, there was created a three-layer artificial neural network for spatial-temporal modeling of potassium content in the soils. The approximation reliability of the neuromodel is 85–94%. The study predicts an irreversible process of soil potassium depletion on rainfed lands by 1.9 mg/year, and on irrigated lands by 3.1 mg/year by 2025 if the current agricultural practices continue. The research results determine territorial priorities of regional policy allowing the use of differential effectiveness of soil conservation practices in farming systems.
Number of views: 2078 Download in PDF
Soil Processes in Haplic Kastanozems of Central Anatolia (Turkey, Ćumra Region): Bio- and Agrophysical Aspects
Biogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 185-188.
Number of views: 2051 Download in PDF
7. Valeria M. Telesnina, Michael A. ZhukovBiogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 185-188.
Abstract:
Agrophysical properties and soil biota were studied in Haplic Kastanozems Chromic (calcareous soils) in Central Anatolia (Konya province, Ćumra region). These heavy textured (medium clay) soils with a low content of organic carbon (less than 1%) have favorable biophysical properties due to the stable structure of the pore space. The favorable structure of the pore space is suggested to be stipulated by the activity of the numerous and diverse representatives of soil biota. Actinobacteria is the dominant in four phyla in the microbiological composition of the soils studied. The composition of this phylum is dominated by the elevated number of both higher (Streptomyces) and lower (three species of Rhodococcus) actinobacteria. The high biodiversity of bacteria against the background of their great total number and the developed tropics interactions in the microbial community promote the well balanced production of specific metabolites, including gaseous ones (CO2, H2). This circumstance allows this clayey soil to function rather actively while protecting the pore space against compaction and maintaining the optimal density, porosity, and hydrological properties.
Agrophysical properties and soil biota were studied in Haplic Kastanozems Chromic (calcareous soils) in Central Anatolia (Konya province, Ćumra region). These heavy textured (medium clay) soils with a low content of organic carbon (less than 1%) have favorable biophysical properties due to the stable structure of the pore space. The favorable structure of the pore space is suggested to be stipulated by the activity of the numerous and diverse representatives of soil biota. Actinobacteria is the dominant in four phyla in the microbiological composition of the soils studied. The composition of this phylum is dominated by the elevated number of both higher (Streptomyces) and lower (three species of Rhodococcus) actinobacteria. The high biodiversity of bacteria against the background of their great total number and the developed tropics interactions in the microbial community promote the well balanced production of specific metabolites, including gaseous ones (CO2, H2). This circumstance allows this clayey soil to function rather actively while protecting the pore space against compaction and maintaining the optimal density, porosity, and hydrological properties.
Number of views: 2051 Download in PDF
Carbon Stock in Soil and Vegetation of South Taiga Post-Agrogenic Ecosystems (Kostroma Region)
Biogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 189-207.
Number of views: 2212 Download in PDF
8. Biogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 189-207.
Abstract:
Particularities of some biological cycling indexes and humus condition indexes dynamic due to natural post-agrogenic re-afforestation in south taiga were studied. By post-agrogenic succession, total plant biomass in ecosystems increases due to tree stand renewal, biomass growth rate by arable land overgrowing exceeding biomass growth rate by hayfield overgrowing. Total carbon stock in ecosystems increases by post-agrogenic re-afforestation mainly due to perennial plant parts. The part of soil carbon, conversely, decreases in spite of absolutely increasing. Especially clearly, carbon accumulation takes place in overgrowing arable land, formed on sandy soil. For overgrowing arable land, essential increasing content and stock of carbon in topsoil is observed. For overgrowing hayfield, decreasing these indexes is observed on initial stage of succession. The particularities of organic carbon content and stock post-agrogenic dynamic depends on soil reclamation history, vegetation dynamic and native soil features, including soil texture.
Particularities of some biological cycling indexes and humus condition indexes dynamic due to natural post-agrogenic re-afforestation in south taiga were studied. By post-agrogenic succession, total plant biomass in ecosystems increases due to tree stand renewal, biomass growth rate by arable land overgrowing exceeding biomass growth rate by hayfield overgrowing. Total carbon stock in ecosystems increases by post-agrogenic re-afforestation mainly due to perennial plant parts. The part of soil carbon, conversely, decreases in spite of absolutely increasing. Especially clearly, carbon accumulation takes place in overgrowing arable land, formed on sandy soil. For overgrowing arable land, essential increasing content and stock of carbon in topsoil is observed. For overgrowing hayfield, decreasing these indexes is observed on initial stage of succession. The particularities of organic carbon content and stock post-agrogenic dynamic depends on soil reclamation history, vegetation dynamic and native soil features, including soil texture.
Number of views: 2212 Download in PDF